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Cultural Geography

Cultural Geography. Ms. L awler. What is culture?. Specialized behavioral patterns, understandings, adaptations, and social systems that summarize a group of people’s learned way of life Learned, not biological

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Cultural Geography

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  1. Cultural Geography Ms. Lawler

  2. What is culture? • Specialized behavioral patterns, understandings, adaptations, and social systems that summarize a group of people’s learned way of life • Learned, not biological • Transmitted within a society to next generations by imitation, tradition, instruction • What we care about • What we care for

  3. What does culture include? • Language • Religion • Architecture • Clothing • Food • Gender relations • Music • Agriculture • Art • Tolerance • Education • Technology

  4. Cultural Regions

  5. Cultural Change • Three ways of change- • Innovation: introduction of new ideas, practices, or objects; usually, an alteration of custom or culture that originates within the social group itself • Diffusion: Process by which an idea/innovation is transmitted from one individual/group to another across space • Acculturation: Adoption of cultural traits, • “Borrowing”- Religion, technology • Through force- War, subjugation • Absorption - Most extreme; Extinction of culture can occur

  6. Language- Why is it so important?

  7. Population- Where is everyone?

  8. Religion • A set of beliefs • existence of a higher power, spirits or god • an explanation of the origins and purpose of humans and their role on earth • Which involves rituals, festivals, rites of passage and space (religious landscapes) • Monotheism: existence of only one god. • Polytheism: existence of many gods.

  9. Judaism • Origin and Diffusion • Ethnic Religion (origins of Christianity) • Basic Precepts • Belief in One God • Torah - original 5 chapters of Bible • Prophecy of Moses • Coming of the Messiah still to come • Atonement accomplished by sacrifices, penitence & good deeds

  10. Christianity • Origin and Diffusion • Palestine (modern Israel) • Universalizing Religion • What are the 3 branches? • Branches • Roman Catholic • Protestant • Eastern Orthodox • 2 billion adherents make it most practiced in the world. • Originated in Bethlehem (8-4 BC) and Jerusalem (AD 30) with Jesus Christ. • Spread by missionaries and the Roman Empire (Constantine A.D. 313). • It is the most practiced religion in Africa today.

  11. Islam • Origin and Diffusion • Mecca, Muhammad • Universalizing Religion • Branches • Sunni (majority) • Shiite • 1 billion + adherents • Basic Precepts • Submission to the will of God (Allah) • Lineage - Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, & Mohammed (different lineage) • Holy Book - Koran - built on Old Testament • Five (5) pillars of faith Creed “There is no God but Allah” (faith) Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca (prayer Giving to the poor (charity) Month of Ramadan (fasting) Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)

  12. Hinduism • Ethnic religion almost exclusively in India • Oldest religion in Asia (1500 B.C) • No authority or holy book (ancient scriptures) • Polytheistic (perceived) • Numerous Gods • Yet one reality - Brahman - one God • 900 million + adherents primarily in India • Hinduism is an ancient term for the complex and diverse set of religious beliefs practiced around the Indus River. • Reincarnation - endless cycles. Karma and Yoga. • Coastlines and river banks most sacred sites. • Vishnu and Shiva most common of hundreds of deities.

  13. Buddhism • Origin and Diffusion • Founder: Siddhartha Gautama • Universalizing Religion • Branches • Theravada • Mahayana • Zen • 300 million + adherents primarily in China and S.E. Asia • By 6th century it had lost its hold on India, but was now in Korea and Japan. • Basic Precepts • Buddha - the enlightened one • Nirvana - highest degree of consciousness • 4 noble truths • Life involves suffering • Cause of suffering is desire • Extinguish desire • Nirvana reached through 8 fold path

  14. His Holiness the 14th Dali Lama

  15. Ethnic Asian Religions • Confucianism • moral code • Daoism • philosophy of harmony & balance • Shintoism • Japanese traditional religion

  16. Animism (Shamanism) • the belief that all objects, animals, and beings are “animated” or possess a spirit and a conscious life. Also called shamanism because of the prominence of a Shaman. • Such beliefs are common among hunter-gatherers. • 10% of Africans follow such traditional ethnic religions. • These beliefs are losing ground to Christianity and Islam throughout Africa.

  17. Population Distribution • 90 % of all people live north of the Equator • 2/3 of this total are in the mid-latitudes of 20 – 60 degrees north (most temperate) • More than ½ the world population lives on only 5% of the earth’s land • 2/3 live on 10% • 9/10 on less than 20%

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