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Amphibians

Amphibians. Classification. Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Amphibia Order Urodela Order Anura Order Apoda. Origin of Amphibians. Amphibia means “double life” ~4200 species Believed to evolved from early lobe-finned fish over a million years ago.

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Amphibians

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  1. Amphibians

  2. Classification • Phylum Chordata • Subphylum Vertebrata • Class Amphibia • Order Urodela • Order Anura • Order Apoda

  3. Origin of Amphibians • Amphibia means “double life” • ~4200 species • Believed to evolved from early lobe-finned fish over a million years ago. • Advantages to land over water • Large food supply • More shelter • No predators

  4. General Characteristics • Endoskeleton • Ectothermic • Depend on water for reproduction • Must live around moist areas • Thin moist skin • Used for gas exchange • Undergo metamorphosis

  5. General Characteristics • Respiration • Lungs, skin, and some gills • No Claws • Tetrapods- 4 legs • 3-chambered heart • 1 chamber recieves oxygenated blood from lungs, 1 receives deoxygenated blood from body, 3rd chamber pumps blood to body/lungs

  6. Reproduction • Separate sexes • Frogs and Toads- mostly external • Salamanders- mostly internal • Eggs laid- oviparity • Eggs develop inside without nourishment from mother- oviviparity • Eggs develop inside with nourishment from the mother- viviparity

  7. Metamorphosis • Lifecycle • Fertilized egg (laid in water) hatch into tadpole • Tadpole grows into adult frog/toad • Fins are replaced with legs and 2-chambered heart is replaced with a 3-chambered heart.

  8. Order AnuraFrogs and Toads • No tail, neck, or scales • Vocal chords found in larynx • Males have pouches to increase volume of call, used for attracting mates • External Reproduction • Specialized limbs for jumping • Long sticky tongue attached to front of mouth for catching prey

  9. Frogs and Toads • Adults have lungs • Adults are carnivorous, tadpoles are herbivores • Tympanic Membrane (eardrum) picks up vibrations from air and water. • Eyes on top of head allow them to stay submerged while seeing out of water • Nictitating membrane- keeps eyes moist

  10. Frogs vs. Toads • Toads have • Shorter legs • Larger bodies • Thicker skin with prominent warts • Live primarily on land • Prefer dryer climates

  11. Causes of Decline • 5 reasons the populations of frogs and toads are declining • 1. acid rain • 2. water pollution • 3. air pollution • 4. use of pesticides • 5. thinning ozone layer

  12. Order UrodelaSalamanders • Most abundant in North America • Have tails, no scales • 4 equal limbs • Look like lizards, but with smooth, moist skin and no claws • Long slinder body • Some are completely Aquatic

  13. Salamanders • Some breathe through skin while some have lungs • Carnivorous- feed on worms, small arthropods, and small mollusks • Internal Fertilization- Male deposits spermatophore on leaf and female recovers it and then lays fertilized eggs

  14. Order ApodaRare Caecilians • Long and Limbless • Look like worms, but have eyes covered by skin • Have small scales • Short or no tail • Some have small eyes, but most are totally blind • Found in tropical forests of S. America, Africa and SE Asia • Internal fertilization- some lay eggs, others have live birth

  15. Caecilian

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