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Learning Objectives ( 9A )

Learning Objectives ( 9A ) Describe the relationships between volume, pressure, number of moles, and temperature for an ideal gas Perform calculations that predict values for variables using Gay-Lussac’s Law Combined Gas Law Ideal gas law Dalton’s law of partial pressure. Gas Laws.

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Learning Objectives ( 9A )

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  1. Learning Objectives (9A) • Describe the relationships between volume, pressure, number of moles, and temperature for an ideal gas • Perform calculations that predict values for variables using • Gay-Lussac’s Law • Combined Gas Law • Ideal gas law • Dalton’s law of partial pressure • Gas Laws

  2. GAS LAWS • GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW: •Joseph Gay-Lussac • states that the pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature when the volume remains constant P1/T1 = P2/T2 • relates the pressure andkelvintemp.

  3. Gas Laws • The Combined Gas Law: states the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas. Pressure is inversely proportional to volume and directly proportional to temperature, and volume is directly proportional to temperature. P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 Cross multiply: P1V1T2 = P2V2T1

  4. Example A sample of nitrogen monoxide has a volume of 72.6 mL at a temperature of 16˚C and a pressure of 104.1 kPa. What volume will the sample occupy at 24˚C and 99.3 kPa?

  5. Combining Charles’, Boyle’s, Gay-Lussac’s and Avogadro’s laws gives the following equation: • A gas always has the same relationships between its variables • Charles –– volume and temperature are directly proportional • Boyle –– pressure and volume are indirectly proportional • Avogadro –– number of moles and volume are directly proportional • R is the ideal gas constant • Ideal Gas Law

  6. Ideal gas law describes the relationship between all four variables: temperature, volume, number of moles, and pressure • Potential values for Rdepending on the pressure unit used • 0.0821 = 8.31 = 62.4 • Ideal Gas Law

  7. Ideal Gas Law Calculation • Write unknown and givens • Identify the formula and rearrange, if needed Ex) What is the volume of a 1.42 mol sample of O2 gas at 25 °C and 1.25 atm of pressure? • Convert units and find intermediates, if needed • 4. Plug in and solve • Make sure the answer is reasonable

  8. Example What pressure in atmospheres will 18.6 mol of methane exert when it is compressed in a 12.00-L tank at a temperature of 45˚C?

  9. Dalton’s law of partial pressure describes the relationships in a mixture of gases • Total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases • Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

  10. Dalton’s Law Calculation • Write unknown and givens • Identify the formula and rearrange, if needed Ex) A mixture of gases containing methane, CH4, ethane, C2H6, and propane, C3H8, gases has a total pressure of 975 mmHg. If the partial pressures of CH4 and C2H6 are 235 mmHg and 450mmHg, respectively, what is the partial pressure of C3H8 ? • Convert units and find intermediates, if needed • Plug in and solve • Make sure the answer is reasonable

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