Welcome to Chemistry

1. Welcome to Chemistry Mr. Gustin

2. Find your seat using your last name • Get yourselves in alphabetical order with the A’s in the front left of the classroom • You have 2 minutes • GO!!! Let’s find our seats

3. About Mr. Gustin

4. Take about 5 mins and fill out the information sheet. Tell me about yourself

5. What is Chemistry??

6. Find two partners and find a lab bench • Each person needs a pair of goggles • Make sure the chemicals DO NOT MIX until the bags are sealed • Record your observations • Keep your goggles on always!! Reaction in a BAG

7. What observations did you make? • What was the purpose of this lab? • What further questions do you have about this reaction? • On the back of your lab write a summary of the lab, and how you would change the experiment next time if you had a chance to do it again. Reaction in a BAG

8. Find a drawer that opens • Make sure you have the correct number of supplies • Do not use the drawers that are stuck on the third lab bench on the right! Lab Stations

9. Warm-up: Complete the front side of the Lab Safety handout. • Agenda: • Further discuss safety • Begin taking notes on science and chemistry • Intro to Lab Techniques Lab • HW: Study for safety quiz and finish lab questions. Chemistry 8/27

10. Following directions Follow all written and oral directions Ask for clarification if needed before proceeding Always have a plan in the lab • Safety gear and dress You must always wear goggles in lab: NO exceptions (thisis a state law) Closed toed shoes and long pants/sleeves are best • Smelling things Never sniff chemicals: waft if necessary Chemicals under the fume hood should not be wafted! • Returning chemicals or disposing waste Do not return unused chemicals to dispensing bottles Dispose of waste as directed by teacher Lab Safety Overview

11. Acid and water Do as you oughta: add acid to water! (not the reverse) • Spills and hazards Always tell teacher right away if an accident occurs In most instances rinse eyes or skin with water immediately Broken glass goes in a special container Fire blanket and shower for emergencies • Fire safety Never leave a flame unattended Tie back hair or loose items Always turn off gas when finished Lab Safety Overview

12. Correct the front side of the worksheet. • Finish the back side later to prepare for the quiz!! Now Finish up that worksheet

13. Warm-up: Review your lab safety notes!! • Agenda: • Safety Quiz • Discuss Techniques Lab • Continue notes on Studying Science • HW: Finish Sci Method Wrksht Chemistry 8/28

14. What was the purpose of this lab? • How did you know a reaction was happening? • Where do you think the white solid went? • If you could do this lab again what questions would you want to test? Intro to Lab Techniques Lab

15. 1. Studying Science… - Means observing the world around you and then trying to find ways to explain it.

16. A. You might ask ?’s like… • Why is the sky blue? • Why does soda tickle your nose? • How does a bird navigate during migration? • How does a pulley system make a heavy load lighter?

17. B. So…how do we answer these questions? • What do we DO while studying science? • Hypothesize • Interpret • Experiment • Understand • Observe • Document • Share • Calculate

18. Chemistry is the study of how and why “stuff” appears and behaves as it does. • Why does it look the way it does? • Why does it react with other stuff? • How does it react with other stuff? C. What is chemistry??

19. D. What is a chemical? • Any substance formed or used during a chemical reaction. • Salt • Bleach • Acid • Almost everything is a chemical!

20. Observe! • Two kinds of observations: • Qualitative • Quantitative • All substances have two kinds of properties we can observe… 2. How do we learn about chemistry?

21. A. Physical Properties • Can be observed or measured without changing the composition of a substance (you don’t have to change what it is) • Color • Texture • Odor • Density • Melting point • Boiling point

22. B. Chemical Properties • Tell how a substance interacts with other substances • Does it react with acid? • Does it react with base? • Does it burn? • Does it react with anything?

23. Essential Question • What is matter and what kind of changes can it undergo?

24. Matter Matters • Matter is anything that takes up space and has a mass; “stuff” • Outer space is not matter because it is a vacuum, no stuff!

25. Physical Changes (No chemical reaction) • Are changes that do not affect chemical composition. They don’t change what the substance is. • Melting • Boiling • Freezing • Crushing • Breaking • Squishing

26. Chemical Changes (Chemical Reaction) • Substance is changed into something new • Occurs at the atomic level • Atoms are rearranged

27. Signs of Chemical Changes • Bubbling • Gas Formation • Change in temperature • Endothermic: Temp Drops • Exothermic: Temp Inc. • Burning • Ex: paper burning • Change in color • Silver tarnishing • Precipitate* forms

28. Precipitate - • Describes the formation of a solid during a chemical reaction • Usually from two solutions being combined • Liquid turns cloudy or “floaters” appear

29. States of Matter • The state of matter is a VERY important physical property • There are 3 main states: • Solid • Liquid • Gas

30. Solids • Atoms/molecules held close together • Very little freedom to move (low energy) • Fixed volume and shape

31. Liquids • Atoms/molecules held close together • More freedom to move than solid (medium energy) • Fixed volume, variable shape (takes shape of container)

32. Gases • Atoms/molecules far apart • Great freedom to move (high energy) • Variable volume and shape (expands to fill any container)

33. An important physical change • Freeze/melt = change between liquid and solid • Evaporate condense = change between liquid and gas • Sublimate/deposit = change between solid and gas • THE SUBSTANCE DOES NOT CHANGE IDENTITY Phase Change

35. How do scientists approach solving scientific problems? Essential Question

36. Scientific Methodology: A logical way to approach a scientific problem Studying Science http://www.cdn.sciencebuddies.org/Files/5084/7/2013-updated_scientific-method-steps_v6_noheader.png

37. How to carry-out a well-planned experiment: • Create a testable hypothesis: An “If…Then…Because…” statement that predicts what you think will happen • Define independent (unchanging) and dependent (changing) variables • Define your control and any extraneous (unconnected) variables Studying Science

38. Variables: what is manipulated or not in an experiment • Independent variable: gets manipulated in experiment • Dependent variable: responds to Indep. variable • Control: what condition the experimental results are compared to (a standard). Studying Science

39. Work in groups to complete the scientific method worksheet. Let’s practice

40. Agenda: • Turn in your Scientific Method HW • Borax Lab!!! • HW: Write a conclusion for your Lab Chemistry 8/29

41. Devise your own procedure in order to make either: • The bounciest slime -OR- • The stretchiest slime • Before beginning you must have your procedure clearly written and approved by me!! • HINT: You will need to use Borax, Water and white glue. Borax Lab

42. When you have finished, please write up a conclusion based on your procedure and your results. • We will test the slime with 10 mins left!! Borax Lab

43. Learning Target: Define and recognize the difference between physical and chemical changes. • Agenda: • Turn in your Scientific Method HW • Review Chemical and Physical Changes • Complete Chemical and Physical Changes Lab • Discuss how to write a scientific conclusion • HW: Write a conclusion for your Lab Chemistry 9/2

44. 3rd Hour: • Turn in scientific method worksheet • Hand back HW and quizzes • 7th Hour: • Hand back HW and quizzes • Hand in Borax Lab conclusions • 8th Hour: • Hand back HW and quizzes • Everyone needs to get a Learning Targets Page Housekeeping

45. Everyone needs a new Lab Handout • Part I: • Do not touch the chemicals with your hands • Do not use the same scoop for multiple chemicals • Both partners should work together to get the test tubes prepped. • Part II: • Use forceps to place metals in test tubes • Be very careful with the acid • When finished the metal must go in the trash and the acid must be washed down the drain. Chemical and Physical Changes Lab

46. You and your partner read the conclusion writing handout. • Between the two of you discuss your Borax Lab handout and how it should be changed. • Make any final adjustments to your borax conclusion and turn it in before you leave. Practice Conclusion Writing

47. Take some time and read the hand out • If you have any questions you should ask me before the end of class • This lab has NO quantitative data, so the data you will use will be only observational data. How to Write a Conclusion

48. Warm-up: Complete the chemical and physical properties review. • Agenda: • Review Chem/Phys properties • Take notes on Phases (3/8) • Notes on Chem/phys changes (3/8) • Notes on Classifying Matter (All) • HW: Substances vs. Mixtures Chemistry 9/3

49. A. Physical Properties • Can be observed or measured without changing the composition of a substance (you don’t have to change what it is) • Color • Texture • Odor • Density • Melting point • Boiling point

50. B. Chemical Properties • Tell how a substance interacts with other substances • Does it react with acid? • Does it react with base? • Does it burn? • Does it react with anything?