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Unveiling Earth's Layers: A Journey Inside the Planet

Explore the Earth's composition, from the outer crust to the inner core, delving into plate tectonics and seismic activities. Learn how seismic waves reveal the secrets buried beneath the surface. Discover the diversity and dynamics of the lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, and inner core, unraveling the Earth's physical structures and mapping its interior. Uncover fascinating facts about the Earth's layers and their unique characteristics.

williamjfisher
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Unveiling Earth's Layers: A Journey Inside the Planet

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  1. INSIDE THE EARTH Plate Tectonics

  2. The Composition of the Earth • These layers describe the chemical makeup of the Earth, the compounds found in the layers • Crust – thinnest, outermost layer - Made of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum • Oceanic – more dense than continental crust • Continental – thicker than oceanic crust • Mantle – middle layer (thicker than crust) - Has more magnesium, so it is more dense than crust • Core – inner layer (most dense layer) - Made mostly of iron and some nickel

  3. Facts about the layers • The crust can be as thick as 3 miles to 75 miles in size. • No one has ever been below or even drilled below the crust. • The center of the Earth is hotter than the surface of the Sun. • The temperatures in the mantle range from 2000-5000 ºF • The temperatures in the core range from 7000-12000 ºF • The core creates the Earth’s magnetic field

  4. We think of the Earth as having three layers; crust, mantle and core. The Earth layers are also described in a different way. The five physical layers include: 1. Lithosphere 2. Asthenosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Outer core 5. Inner Core Physical Structures

  5. 1. Lithosphere • Consists of the crust and top part of mantle • Outermost, rigid layer • Made of solid rock/minerals • Pieces of the lithosphere are divided into tectonic plates • Can contain both continental and oceanic crust • Lithos is Greek for “rock”

  6. 2. Asthenosphere • Under the Lithosphere B. Part of the mantle C. Made of bendable rock • Like a marshmallow • Still a solid but it can move and flow D. Astheno is Greek for “weak”

  7. 3. Mesosphere • Below the Asthenosphere • Lower part of the mantle • Touches the outer core • Made of hard strong solid rock/minerals • Meso is Greek for “middle”

  8. 4. Outer Core • hot, liquid layer that is between the mesosphere and the inner core 5. Inner Core • center of the Earth • solid, metal ball • most dense layer

  9. Mapping the Earth’s Interior Earthquakes give us clues to what is below the crust Seismic waves are vibrations given off when there is an earthquake They travel at different speeds depending on the composition Waves travel faster through a solid than a liquid S waves cannot travel through liquids P waves can travel through solids and liquids Seismographs are instruments that measure the time it takes for seismic waves to reach a site

  10. Fill in the chart using the following… • Core • Mantle • Core • Mantle • Crust • Mantle • Thought to be solid rock, found in middle • Solid and very rigid (eroded/weathered rock) • Pure liquid, very hot • Solid and dense metal ball in center of Earth • Hot and soft rock that flows (marshmallow)

  11. Crust Solid and very rigid rock (eroded/weathered rock) Lithosphere Mantle Mantle Hot and soft rock that flows slowly Asthenosphere Mesosphere Mantle Thought to be solid rock, found in middle Core Outer Core Pure liquid, very hot Solid and dense metal ball in center of the Earth Core Inner Core

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