Primary Source Document Review: Main Ideas and Concepts in Enlightenment Philosophy

1. Warm- Up 9/15/10 • Review of Primary Sources: • In no more that 2 sentence write what you think the MAIN point is of each primary source document.

2. Warm- Up 9/15/10 • Review: • Describe the main idea of Mary Wollstonecraft and Jean Jacque Rousseau • Describe the concept of the social contract • 40 words

3. 1. Do you think people are born naturally good, naturally selfish, or with the ability to choose?Why? 40 words Warm-up 9/10/10

4. Warm-Up 9/17/12 • In your own words describe the social contract (Locke & Hobbes) • Do we have a social contract in the United States? • 40 words

7. Warm-Up 9/17/09 • Copy down the directions for how to read a primary source and get the MAIN IDEA. • Number the Paragraphs • Circle Key terms • Define the Vocabulary • Read and underline the claims and main idea • Summarize ideas in margins • Write a 4 sentence summary for the reading

8. Homework • Primary source – Prepare your primary source for reading! (follow the direction in the back of your notebook) • Vocabulary – staple a sheet of paper to your primary source. Define all the words you do not know. You must do at least 10.

9. Warm-Up 9/19/12 Summarize Montesqueiu’s ideas from the reading.

10. Warm-Up 9/19/12 • Summarize Montesquieu’s ideas from the readings (hint: use the reading…) • Summarize Voltaire’s ideas • 20 words each (40 words total)

12. Thomas Hobbes (1588 – 1679) • All humans naturally selfish & wicked • Social Contract: People agree to a strong ruler to avoid chaos • Absolute Monarchy

13. John Locke(1690’s) • Tabula Rasa- clean slate • Favored self-government • Purpose of government is to protect the rights of its citizens • Natural Rights: All people born free & equal with right to Life, Liberty, and Property

14. "During the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that conditions called war; and such a war, as if of every man, against every man. "To this war of every man against every man, this also in consequent; that nothing can be unjust. The notions of right and wrong, justice and injustice have there no place. Where there is no common power, there is no law, where no law, no injustice. Force, and fraud, are in war the cardinal virtues. "No arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death: and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.“ - Thomas Hobbes For I imagine, any one will easily grant, that it would be impertinent to suppose the ideas of colours innate in a creature to whom God hath given sight, and a power to receive them by the eyes from external objects: and no less unreasonable would it be John Locketo attribute several truths to the impressions of nature and innate characters, when we may observe in ourselves faculties fit to attain as easy and certain knowledge of them as if they were originally imprinted on the mind. –

16. Warm-Up 9/10/13 • Using your notes and primary source documents summarize the ideas of John Locke. • Why are they important to us? • Where can these ideas be found? • Do you agree them. Why or why not? 50 words

17. Warm-Up 9/10/13

18. Warm-Up 9/10/13 • Make the chart and fill it in. Then draw Locke’s social contract.

19. Renaissance Magna Carta Direct Glorious Revolution Scientific Revolution Enlightenment French Revolution American Revolution Representatives

22. Warm-Up 9/12/13 • Option 1: Record in detail something that occurred in the past 48 hours that made you very happy. • Option 2: Record in detail 3 reasons you have for being grateful. 40 words

23. Warm-Up 9/10/13 • Choose 3 words from the list and define them in your opinion; • Responsibility, compassion, respect, maturity, understanding, kindness, self-control, happiness • Write 30 words using the words you chose in fashion you choose.

26. The Enlightenment in Europe

27. Enlightenment • Age of Reason (Enlightenment)  Reaches its height in mid-1700’s • Influenced by Scientific Revolution  Apply reason & scientific method to all aspects of society (government, religion, economics, & education)

28. Warm-Up 9/20/06Look at the Graphs and Answer the two questions!

29. Philosophes Advocate Reason • Philosophes believed people could apply reason to all aspects of life • Philosophy centers around 5 core concepts: 1. Reason; 2. Nature; 3. Happiness; 4. Progress; 5. Liberty

30. Jean Jacque Rousseau (1712 - 1778) • Civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness  • “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” • Social Contract: People give up some freedom for the common good • Direct Democracy

31. Charles Montesquieu (1689 - 1755) • Separation of Powers: • Power divided into different branches so one individual or group can not get total control • Executive, Legislative, and Judicial • “Checks and balances” Each branch has power to check the other branches so that no branch becomes too powerful!!!

32. Warm-up 9/21/12 • Currently there is an attempt to build a mosque (Islamic place of worship) near ground zero of the bombing of the world trade center. • Using the philosophy of Voltaire argue for or against the building of the mosque • 40 words

33. Fought FOR tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech Écrasez l’infâme! (Crush the evil thing) Voltaire (1700’s)

34. Cesare Beccaria (fl. 1760’s) • Laws exist to keep social order, NOT to avenge crimes • Argued FOR speedy trials • Argued AGAINST torture, cruel & unusual punishments, capital punishment (death penalty) • Let punishment fit crime

35. Mary Wollstonecraft (1759 - 1797) • Women need education, just like men, to become virtuous & useful • Women’s rights to participate in politics • Equal rights for women

36. Impact of the Enlightenment • Belief in progress  through reason, a better society/gov’t was possible • More secular outlook  questioning of religion • Importance of the individual  ability to reason what is right & wrong