Borrelia burgdorferi

1. Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme disease

2. Spirochetes • Group or bacteria with a highly characteristic appearance • Helical, slender, relatively long cells • One of the species of “borrelia” cause lyme disease in human

3. Lyme disease bacterium • Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is name given to the overall category • North America, Bb sensu stricto • Europe Bb sensu stricto, B.garinii, and B.afzelii • Asia has B.garinii

4. taxanomy Super kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: spirochaetes Order: spirochaetales Family: spirochaelaceae Genus: Borrelia Species: borrelia burgdorferi

5. Symptoms • The early symptoms are mild and easily overlook. • The first symptom is usually an expanding rash. • Called erythema migrans. • Appear as a solid red expanding rash or blotch, OR a central spot surrounded by clear skin that in ringed by an expanding red rash looks like bull’s eye.

7. Target tissue • Borrelia has been isolated from nearly every organ • Tendon • Heart • muscle

8. Disseminated lyme disease • General • Profound fatigue, headache, fever severe muscle aches/pain • Brain (tingling sensations of the extremities- peripheral neuropathy, facial palsy • Eyes :vision changes, retinal damage, optic atropy • Skin: rash not at bite site (erythema migrans)

9. Diagnosis • There are number of blood test available • Antibody test :ELISA and western blot tests. Although there is false positive and negative result • Antigen detection tests • Polymerase chain reaction: this test multiplies the of Bb DNA to detectable measurable level

10. Polymerase chain reaction

11. prevention • Precautionary routine Wear enclosed shoes and light-clolred clothing with a tight weave to spot ticks easily Scan clothes and any exposed skin Stay on cleared, well- traveled trails Insect repellent containing DEET (Diethyl-meta-tolumide) in skin or cloths Inspect yourself and your children carefully after been heavily bushed area

12. How is Lyme Disease Treated? • Treatments varies and depends on timings • Tetracycline or amoxycillin/probonicid • Four later complication such as meningitis ceferiaxone non- steroidal anti inflammatory drug

13. motality • Highly motile • Internal bundle of flagella; cause it to contract like muscle • Swim through blood vessel, extracellular matrix, connective tissue • Swim at the rate of several inches in a matter of few days

14. Tick vectors:B.burgdorferi is transmitted to humans by ticks of the ixodes recinus complex.

15. American dog tickDermacetor variablis

16. Black legged tickIxodus scapularis

17. How to remove tick: • If you DO find a tick attach tjo your skin,there is no need to panic. Not all ticks are infected • Without jerking, using a pair of pointed precision tweezers, grasp the tick by the head or mouthparts right where they enter the skin. • Do not twist the tick out , • Clean the bite wound with disinfectant

18. Population at risk

19. Repoted Lyme Disease and Incedent Rate

20. Lyme disease vaccineand treatment; • LYMEric is made from lipidated rOspA pf B.burgdorferi sensu stricto. • Three dosages required for optimal protection Mechanism of Action: B.burgdorferi in a vector tick undergoes substantial antigenic change between the time of tick attachment on a mammalian host and transmission of the bacterium to the host. • Treatments include antibiotics, amoxicillin, penicillin, deoxycycline • For complicated case these antibiotics given through IV.

21. Population at risk • Most B.burgdorferi infections result from residential exposure to infected ticks during property maintenance, recreation, and leisure activity • The person who engage in outdoor occupations • Forestry • landscaping

22. Distribution of human cases of lyme disease • Endemic in several region in the U.S.A, Canada, and temperate Eurasia • 1993-1997 62,000> reported cases. 5.5 cases/100,000 population • Highest reported rates occur in children under the age15 years

23. References, • Lyme net, Igenex,Inc. niaid.nih.gov, Mosby medical dictionary , lyme alliance.org