Early Cold War & Rebuilding of Germany and Japan

1. Early Cold War & Rebuilding of Germany and Japan

2. Yalta (1945) • Meeting of three main allied leaders (Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill) • Planned "the whole shape and structure of post-war Europe" • Stalin had the right to control the governments of Eastern Europe (Soviet troops were already stationed throughout Eastern Europe as they pushed toward Germany) • Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe communist governments in Eastern European countries

3. Yalta (1945)

4. Soviet Union vs. United States • Soviet Union is a Communist country (government controls the economy) with a totalitarian government (government controls what people see, hear, and do) • United States is a capitalist country (individuals control the economy) with a democratic government (citizens elect their leaders)

5. Cold War • State of tension and hostility among nations without armed conflict between major rivals (U.S. and Soviet Union)

6. Early Cold War – Truman Doctrine • Americans would resist Soviet expansion in Europe and elsewhere in the world • Containment – limiting Communism to the areas already under Soviet control (Eastern Europe)

7. Truman Doctrine

8. Early Cold War – Iron Curtain • Growing fear of Communism • Division of Europe into a Western (democracies) and Eastern (Communist) Block

9. Early Cold War – Marshall Plan • Aid packages and economic assistance to strengthen democratic governments (goal – prevent the spread of Communism into Western Europe)

10. Marshall Plan

11. Early Cold War – Military Alliances • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)  pledged to help one another if one of them was attacked • Warsaw Pact  Soviet Union and Eastern Europe (response to the formation of NATO)

12. NATO

13. Germany after World War II

14. Rebuilding German and Japan after World War II – Division in Germany • West Germany – divided into three zones (British, French, and U.S.) • East Germany – controlled by the Soviet Union/Communistgovernment • Berlin – split among four powers (U.S., Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France)

15. Rebuilding German and Japan after World War II – American occupation of Japan • Led by Douglas MacArthur • Goals – to destroy militarism and to ensure a democratic government • Military & Political Reforms - reduced size of Japan’s military, have military forces only to defend Japan, & new constitution – gave power to the people, provided for elected representatives, and basic rights such as freedom of thought

16. Rebuilding German and Japan after World War II – American occupation of Japan • Economic Reforms - Japan became an economic super power (exporting more than it imported)

17. Berlin Airlift • Stalin wanted to force Westerners to evacuate Berlin by not allowing goods to be transported to West Berlin • Western powers responded to blockade with a round the clock airlift (fuel, goods, and food) • Soviets eventually ended the blockade

18. Berlin Airlift

19. Berlin Wall • To stop people from leaving East Berlin • Divides Berlin into two sections

20. Berlin Wall

21. United Nations - Goal • International organization to secure peace • More successful than League of Nations

22. General Assembly - Each nation had one vote Security Council (U.S., Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, and China) - have the right to veto any council decision – differences among these powerful nations kept the UN from taking action on controversial issues United Nations

23. United Nations – Role in Modern World • Preventing disease • Peacekeeping • Protecting refugees • Aiding the economic development of nations