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Creek and Cherokee

Creek and Cherokee. The Creek. Fourteen tribes made up the creek confederacy or nation (Yamacraw, Yamasee, Ocmulgee, Oconee, Chiaha, Apalachiocola) According to Creek legends, the Creek moved into Southeast from what is now Southwest US.

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Creek and Cherokee

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  1. Creek and Cherokee

  2. The Creek • Fourteen tribes made up the creek confederacy or nation (Yamacraw, Yamasee, Ocmulgee, Oconee, Chiaha, Apalachiocola) • According to Creek legends, the Creek moved into Southeast from what is now Southwest US. • Language and culture much the same among the fourteen tribes

  3. More on the Creek… • True name for Creek was MUSCOGEE • Known for being brave and carrying on the ways of their fathers • Language Muskogean • Lived in permanent settlements or villages called TALOFA • Plaza in the center of village where religious ceremonies and games took place • Successful farmers – used plow and ax

  4. Creek homes and villages • Made of wooden shingle or grass roots or log cabins with chimneys • When village reached population of four to six hundred, the village split – half moved to new site and settled new village • New village retained “link” to its mother village

  5. THE CHEROKEE • Lived in Northwestern mountain region of the state • Within a tribe there were CLANS – groups of people who believed themselves related by blood • Seven Cherokee Clans which continue today

  6. Cherokee Government • Most tribes had two chiefs – one for making war and one for making decisions during peaceful times • Council house built close to stream for members to purify themselves • Council could hold up to five hundred people • Clans governed at local level – each clan took care of its own affairs • Village ruled by headman – headman and other respected elders made up council, which advised the tribal chief.

  7. Spiritual Belief Systems (p 93) • All Native Americans believed that many gods and spirits affected them in planting crops, hunting, fighting. • Part of their rituals included purification of their spirits with water or smoke.

  8. More on belief system… • The Cherokee believed that Earth was a large island resting on waters. The tribe was at the center of the Earth or THIS WORLD. Above THIS WORLD was the UPPER WORLD which was cleaner and more pure. The UPPER WORLD represented order and expectation. Below the waters on which the Earth rested was the UNDER WORLD, a place of disorder and change. arkarcheology.uark.edu/rockart/index.html?pag...

  9. GODS • The chief gods were found in the Upper World – this included the SUN and the MOON. • What traits were associated with each of these GODS? (See p 93)

  10. Identify the Cherokee symbolism in the following: • Bear • Rattlesnake • “Buffalo Man” mask • Bird feathers • Red-bellied woodpecker • Sun • Moon

  11. Who were the Muscogee? • Cherokee Indian • Creek Indian • Yamacraw Indian • Woodland Indian

  12. What characteristics describe the Creek Indians? • Developed pottery • Developed the atlatl • Carried on the ways of their fathers • Tried to adopt to the ways of the Europeans by developing a written language

  13. What happened when the population grew to 400 to 600? • They performed ritual cliff jumps modeled after lemming jumps • The youngest members were kept and the old ones driven out • The village split into another village and maintained ties with the original village • They split and fought with each other for ownership of the village

  14. Within the Cherokee tribes were divisions called • Talofa • Off shoots • Legions • Clans

  15. Describe Cherokee lifestyle • They had a government with chiefs for war and peace, they believed in an upper, middle and lower world • They were disorganized bands of warring groups • They were nomadic, without an organized belief system and the leader was determined through fighting for supremacy • They had a sophisticated system of Kings and Queens

  16. WHAT SYMBOL ARE YOU? • Examine the Cherokee Clan Symbols on page T87 • Read the descriptors for each of the clan symbols • Write a minimum of one paragraph about which cherokee clan symbol would most likely be used to describe you and why. • Write a minimum of one paragraph about ONE OTHER PERSON YOU KNOW WHO WOULD HAVE A DIFFERENT CHEROKEE CLAN SYMBOL AND WHY.

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