WWI study guide

1. WWI study guide

2. 1. How was militarism a cause of WWI? • European countries were involved in an arms race. • War was glorified by nations

3. 2. How were alliances a cause of WWI? • European countries promised to come to each other’s aid if attacked • An attack on one country would quickly escalate to numerous countries

4. 3. How was imperialism a cause of WWI? • European countries competed against each other for colonies that were needed for natural resources. • Britain and France had more than Germany

5. 4. How was nationalism a cause of WWI? • It created tension amongst European nations because each nation felt they were superior.

6. 5. Describe how trench warfare was used during WWI • France used trench warfare to slow down German advancements and to protect Paris.

7. 6. What were some negatives to trench warfare? • Trench foot • Lice/disease • Rats • Excessive mud/cave ins

8. 7. Name four new weapons used during WWI and describe their effect on the war. • U-boat-Gave Germany an advantage over the Allies because it enabled them to control shipping routes. • Tanks- Used to cross no man’s land & clear trenches • Machine guns- Could fire over 600 rounds a minute, which increases casualties on both sides • Gas- Used by both sides during the war. Numerous short & long term effects. Outlawed after WWI • Planes- Used mainly for spying but numerous aerial battles.

9. 8. What was the United States official position at the beginning of the war? At the beginning of the war the U.S. was neutral

10. 9. Why was the U.S. not able to trade with both sides during WWI? Great Britain enforced a blockade against Germany.

11. 10. What is submarine warfare & how was it used during WWI? • The Germans used U-boats (subs) to attack all non-Central Powers ships throughout the Atlantic.

12. 11. What was the Zimmermann telegram? Telegram sent by Germany to Mexico (intercepted by G.B.) asking them to enter the war against the U.S. and if they did they would be given back land that the U.S. had previously taken from them.

13. 12. How did the Russian Revolution (civil war) affect WWI? Russia pulled out of WWI because of the civil war in their country. This gave the Central Powers a huge advantage.

14. 13. What was the purpose of the Selective Service Act? It was a military draft used to supply troops for the war

15. 14. How was the use of the convoy system affective in combating submarine warfare? It was affective because it reduced Allied shipping losses, and the U.S. didn’t lose any soldiers

16. 15. Why do you think the U.S. wanted the AEF to remain separate from the other Allied forces? • The United States wanted to have control over their own soldiers • The United States did not support trench warfare as a strategy (high body count)

17. 16. How did American soldiers get the nickname “Doughboys”? The buttons on their uniforms resembled boiled dough dumplings

18. 17. What was the significance of the Battle of the Argonne Forest? The Allies forced the Germans out of France & back into Germany. (Allies now went on offense instead of defense)

19. 18.How were African Americans discriminated against during WWI? Forced to fight in segregated units

20. 19. What is an armistice and when did it occur during WWI? An agreement to end fighting & it occurred on November 11, 1918

21. 20. Give examples of how the U.S. used mobilization as they prepared for war. • Created the National War Labor Board: Minority groups fill factory jobs & create war materials • Created the Food Administration: U.S. farmers grow more food & civilians waste less • Created the Committee on public Information: promoted the war as a battle for democracy & freedom.

22. 21. Who was given new job opportunities when the U.S. enters WWI? Many women, African Americans, & Mexicans were given job opportunities in factories

23. 22. Define the Great Migration. 300,000-500,000 African Americans move from the south to Northern cities looking for jobs.

24. 23. Give examples of ways in which American consumers were forced to ration goods. • Americans ate fewer foods. “Wheatless Mondays” “Meatless Tuesdays” • Americans needed to ration fuel. “Heatless Mondays” & daylight savings time

25. 24. How did the U.S. use propaganda, at home, during the war? • Promote support for the war • Get people to enlist • Ration food • Buy war bonds

26. 25.What Acts were passed to control public opinion during the war? • Espionage Act of: stiff penalties for spying, punished people who helped the enemy, & punished people for interfering with army recruiting • Sabotage Act & Sedition Act: Illegal to say, print or write anything against the government and/or the war.

27. 26. What was the total amount of all soldiers killed throughout WWI? 8.5- 9 million soldiers were killed during WWI

28. 27. What was Wilson’s ultimate goal when he wrote the Fourteen Points? • Wilson envisioned a just and lasting peace • Wilson also supported national-self-determination (the right of the people to decide how they should be governed)

29. 28. What was the League of Nations? An international governing body that would help preserve peace & prevent future wars

30. 29. Why did many European nations not support Wilson’s Fourteen Points? • Nations started to put their own interests first • Some of Wilson’s points didn’t provide clear solutions (how to achieve self-determination in areas where different ethnic groups lived) • The Allied nations sought a treaty focused on revenge

31. 30. How did the map of Europe change as a result of The Treaty of Versailles? • Central Powers had their countries divided • New countries included: Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, & Finland (map page 288)

32. 31. Why did some people in the U.S. not support the Treaty of Versailles? • Some felt it dealt to harshly with Germany • Some feared joining the League of Nations