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Global Environmental Challenges to LNG Projects. Paul Bosma, Job Hottentot Rene Jacobs, Matthew Swatton Shell Global Solutions International BV 7 th Doha Natural Gas Conference 10 th march 2009. Three Hard Truths for the Energy System. World energy demand is accelerating
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Global Environmental Challenges to LNG Projects Paul Bosma, Job Hottentot Rene Jacobs, Matthew Swatton Shell Global Solutions International BV 7th Doha Natural Gas Conference 10th march 2009
Three Hard Truths for the Energy System • World energy demand is accelerating • Supply will struggle to keep pace • Environmental pressuresare increasing
No More “Easy” Oil & Gas • Remote location, harsh climate • Deep Water • “Tight Gas” • Depleted fields • Sour gas • High N2, CO2 content Photographs courtesy of SEIC, Orman Lange
65 48 28 Gt/yr Environmental Pressures In a “Business as usual” world CO2 from energy rises dramatically Source: Shell International BV
Fossil Fuel Emissions 1(lbs per MMBtu of energy input) Natural Gas • Cleanest fossil fuel • As LNG, has a low “carbon footprint” across its value chain • Has a firm position in tomorrow’s energy mix 1) Source: EIA Natural Gas Issues & Trends
(1) Gas Exploration & Production (2) Gas Treatment Oil/water/solids removal (5A) Onshore Pipeline Gas Transport High pressure, ambient temperature (3) Gas Transport (5B) LNG Transport – 161 C, atmospheric pressure o Power (7) Gas Transport & Distribution High pressure, ambient temperature (4) Gas Liquefaction Removal of contaminants, NGLs extraction Cooling to – 161 o C at atm .pressure Industry (6) Regasification Return to gaseous state Space heating/cooking 0 The Natural Gas Value Chain
Addressing the Environmental Factors • Land take, Coastline • Water Use & Effluent • Noise • NOx & SOx • Spills • Flaring • Greenhouse Gases
Examples of Environmental Solutions • Careful Site Selection • Air Cooled Plant • Dry Low NOx Burners • Range of Sulphur Solutions Photographs courtesy of Woodside, GE Energy
Specification or Specification or limit limit Operator target Operator target SETPOINT SETPOINT MOVED MOVED CLOSER CLOSER TO LIMIT TO LIMIT APC ONLINE APC ONLINE BEFORE APC BEFORE APC Greenhouse Gases • Energy Efficient Operation • Combined Heat & Power • Aeroderivative Gas Turbine • CO2 Capture & Storage Photographs courtesy of Gorgon LNG, GE Energy
Concluding Remarks • Energy sector is undergoing transformation • Minimise environmental impact in local, regional & global context • Control framework & systematic approach needed to deliver results • Technology & innovation have a crucial role