Unit 3 Deaf and Hard of Hearing

1. Unit 3Deaf and Hard of Hearing Prepared by: CiciliaEviGradDiplSc., M. Psi

2. Definition • Deaf  profound hearing loss  can’t understand sounds with/out hearing aids • Hard of hearing  hearing losses that impair understanding of sounds and communication  profit from listening devices and other hearing tech that enable them to comprehend oral speech and communication

3. Brief History • Used to be ridiculed and persecuted, put them to death  they consider themselves as minority • 1500s  Pedro Ponce de Leon, a monk from Spain  first deaf teacher  teach his students to write, read and speak • Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet  start the first special school for the deaf in the US  mainly with sign language

4. Brief History (2) • Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc, a deaf Frenchman and now is known as father of the Deaf culture in the US • “Hundred Years War”  Edward Gallaudet and Alexander Graham Bell (p. 333) • 1950s  electronic hearing aids  make the sounds a little louder

6. Deaf Culture • Structures of social relationships, language (ASL), dance, theater, literature, and other cultural activities that bind the Deaf community • ASL  American Sign Language  used by the Deaf culture  a fully developed language and not parallel to English structure or word order

7. American Sign Language

9. Challenges • Students with moderate hearing loss  profit from hearing aids, not even qualify for special education services  but tend to be overlooked • Students who use oral language • Students who use sign language  separate them from hearing community  issues on ASL as primary language and Eng as the 2nd

10. Types of Hearing Loss • Conductive hearing loss • Due to damage or obstruction to the outer or middle ear that obstruct transfer of sound to the inner ear • Mild to moderate; temporary • Sensorineural hearing loss • Due to damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve • Harder to correct

12. Degree of Hearing Loss • Read p. 338 from MacKenzie (2007) • Residual hearing  the amount of functional hearing a person has

13. Age of Onset • Prelingually deaf  having lost ability to hear before developing language • 70% genetics • Interfere soc comm and academic performance • Postlingually deaf  having lost ability to hear after developing language; acquired deafness • Able to retain their abilities to use speech and to communicate with others orally • Profit from cochlear implants

14. Cochlear Implant

15. Causes • Heredity and genetics  sensorineural • Meningitis  affect central nervous system, after birth • Otitis media  infections in middle ear results in an accumulation of fluid behind the eardrum that interrupt process of hearing • Noise  Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)  reason for 22 million cases in teens and adults  due to level of noise  TIME report

16. Prevention • Educate the students on the danger of noise and let them know the decibel levels of their environment  above 80 is dangerous • Reduce the volume of iPod or mp3 player  volume locked • Immunizations against maternal rubella

17. Overcoming Challenges • Assistive listening devices (ALDs)  equipment that helps improve use of residual hearing • Hearing aids, audio loops, FM transmission devices (read p. 344-345) • Cochlear implants for those with sensorineural hearing losses • Before 1st birthday • For adults  allow them to hear and understand sounds again

19. Assessments • Universal newborn hearing screening  testing all newborns for hearing loss  3-4 months old • Early identification  allow services begin immediately and sets the stage for better language and cognitive development • Help to make decision regarding cochlear implants

20. Teaching Students • Access to general education curriculum (p. 352 - 354) • Instructional Accommodations  modifying the instructions for inclusive environment, understand student’s needs • Communication system  oral only, total communication, cued speech, ASL, bilingual-bicultural • Scaffolding  differentiating instruction

21. Technology • Assistive Listening Device • Telecommunication Devices • Speech-to-Text translations • Alerting Devices  Read p. 358 - 360

22. For their future … • Transition  Gallaudet University • Collaboration  p. 361 • Partnership with Family and Communities  p. 363