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WORK, FAMILY and GENDER - from research to policies -

WORK, FAMILY and GENDER - from research to policies -. AGRUPAMENTO de ESCOLAS DE LAMAÇÃES – BRAGA GRU meeting in Palermo - Italy 12-16 December 2012. About 50 national and international projects since 1980 A large number of researchers. Family study groups:

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WORK, FAMILY and GENDER - from research to policies -

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  1. WORK, FAMILY and GENDER- from research to policies- AGRUPAMENTO de ESCOLAS DE LAMAÇÃES – BRAGA GRU meeting in Palermo - Italy 12-16 December 2012

  2. About 50 national and international projects since 1980 A large number of researchers Family study groups: Families from working classes Families with enterprise jobs Families from urban middle class Rural families More recently: The reconstrution of the family model

  3. How to bring Family and Work together From research … …to policies.

  4. Several approaches dealing with… • Research with focus on families and its members Analizes their practices, representations and strategies to articulate their professional life and family life. • Research with focus on how to organize work Analizes social relationships and the way they promote or restrain the relation work-family • Comparative studies between several countries and its family, organizational and national contexts Analize differences and similarities in practice and policies concerning work -family

  5. Work and Family … several methods to get and analize info • extensive and intensive methodologies • documents and statistics - Questionnaire - Semi-directive interview - Biographical interview

  6. Work and Family in the transition for adult life Young europeans and their future work and family life - some results • Uncertainty and job precarity delay the constituion of their own family • Boys and Girls have the same rights; but not the same conditions concerning jobs and fatherhood/motherhood • They value jobs with flexibility to manage time • Atittude towards job and family depends on social background, level of education and nationality • Adolescents combine different representations taken from their parents’ models (more traditional or modern ones), present in every focus country.

  7. Biographical lines

  8. Gender, parenthood and the changing european workplace II. Quality of work in a changing Europe Work-family in the organizations

  9. Work-family in the organizationsSome results • Careers for women are self conditioned and hetero-conditioned by family responsabilities • Women with low professional qualifications give major priority to their family • Higher professional qualifications ≠ organizational models for baby caring/sitting and professional household facilities

  10. I. Employment, family and community activities – a new balance for women and men II. Employment in household task (Dublin Foundation) Work-Family and proximity services

  11. Work-Family and proximity servicesSome results • Domestic and personal services increased in the past years • Female activity (27% Women – 5% Men) • Low salaries, low qualifications and little social value • Well developed and organized services in the UK (a contrast with PT)

  12. Work-Family and the use of time I. A new organisation of time througout working life Objective: - Learn different ways of using time by men and women in several countries througout their professional life II. Questionaire about time use III. The division of work in the family – Families in Portugal

  13. Work-Family and the use of timeSome results I. -Men and Women have similar work organization when young but gradually divergent -Differences between southern and central Europe (motherhood leaves and half-time work) II. Strong differences between W and M in using their time III.

  14. Differences between W and M in the household tasks

  15. Differences between W and M in caring for children

  16. Ways of sharing household tasks(Wall e Guerreiro, A Divisão Familiar do Trabalho, 2005) 4typical ways: • Exclusive women’s work 60% • Sharing men/women 17% • Parcial delegation to her husband 10% • Family division (w+m+children) 13% *mulher c/ empregada ou ascendentes

  17. I. Stress in the relation work-family Portugal in a compared perspective - Work-family stress -Family stress at work - Professional stress in the family Work-Family and stress

  18. Child care facilities and the division of work between W and M Question: where do children stay in PT while mothers go to work? Portugal has the highest rate of working mothers with children aged between 10-15 in the EU; at the same time there still is a lack of public equipment and facilities to support the 1st and 2nd childhood, having grandparents or neighbours as a helping hand (in Lisbon and other large cities there’s a deficit of this kind of equipments)

  19. Work, family and life courseMore equipments for children to support families, mean a tendency for equal opportunities both for W and M

  20. Recent research has proved a specific relationship between welfare state and social capital. • Southern countries have a lower social capital and less help structures. • Northern countries, with a welfare state and a strong social protection, possess stronger and more intense intergenerational help.

  21. Work attachment, by country and sex (percentages) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Italy Spain Latvia Austria Turkey Estonia France Poland Ireland Greece Finland Hungary Belgium Portugal Sweden Bulgaria Slovakia Denmark Slovenia Romania Germany Lithuania Czech Rep Netherlands All countries Great Britain The work I do is an important part of my life - Men The work I do is an important part of my life - Women I would continue working even if I did not need the money anymore - Men I would continue working even if I did not need the money anymore - Women Source: EB 60.3 and CCEB 2003

  22. G6 A woman should be prepared to to cut down on paid work for sake of family G7 Men should take as much responsibility as women for home and children G8 Men should have more right to job than women when jobs are scarce G9 Children in home, parents should stay together even if don't get along G10 A person's family should be main priority in life New directions of the families in Europe 1,0 Tottaly Agree 1,5 2,0 Agree 2,5 Nor agree 3,0 Nor disagree 3,5 4,0 Disagree 4,5 Tottaly 5,0 disagree Spain Ireland Poland Hungary Greece Austria Iceland France Finland Estonia Ukraine Belgium United Kingdom Norway Slovakia Portugal Slovenia Denmark Germany Czech Rep. Switzerland Switzerland Netherlands Luxembourg ESS (Round 2), 2004

  23. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Teleworking Early retirement Taking unpaid leave Child care facilities at workplace Taking a sabbatical, career break Carrying over holidays to next year Taking extra paid time off for study Working more or less hours if needed Taking extra pay instead of holiday Saving up overtime to take as extra time off Taking extra paid time off to look after relatives Early retirement but with the option of still working part-time Important Available Taken How to bring work and other activities together (family, study,…) - Favourite, available and used Source: EB 60.3 and CCEB 2003

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