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The Origin of Humans

The Origin of Humans. Living in the Stone Age. Early Discoveries. Differing Human Migration Theories. Are we all Africans “under the skin”????. Stages of Early Human Development. 1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE. Paleolithic Age : ( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE.

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The Origin of Humans

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  1. The Origin of Humans

  2. Living in the Stone Age

  3. Early Discoveries

  4. Differing Human Migration Theories Are we all Africans “under the skin”????

  5. Stages of Early Human Development 1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE Paleolithic Age:( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE 2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE 3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE 4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE

  6. Examining History • What is “PRE-HISTORY”? • What is the historical dating system? How has it changed? • Humans have undergone massive development over millions of year. There are 4 major groups. Guesses?

  7. Development of Humans 1. Homo Habilis • Latin for “handy man” 2. Homo Erectus • Latin for “upright man” 3. Homo Sapiens • Latin for “reasoning man” a) NEANDERATHAL • Neander Valley- Germany b) CRO -MAGNON • South France- clearing away earth from back of a rock shelter locally known as Cro-Magnon

  8. Stage 1 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE • Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans. • Australopithecines • An Opposable Thumb

  9. Stage 1 • HOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” ) • found in East Africa. • created stone tools.

  10. Stage 2 1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE • HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” ) • BIPEDALISM • Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology • First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. • First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )

  11. Stage 3 200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE HOMO SAPIENS( “Wise Human Being” ) Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE ) Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE )

  12. Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS: • Neander Valley, Germany (1856) • First humans to bury their dead. • Made clothes from animal skins. • Lived in caves and tents.

  13. Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS Early Hut/Tent

  14. Stage 3 CRO-MAGNONs: • Homo sapiens sapiens( “Wise, wise human” ) • By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals. WHY???

  15. Great Leap Forward • 35 000 years ago when changes brought about innovation, creativity to humans (Homo Sapiens Sapiens) 2 FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES OCCURRED: • Development of modern anatomy • Beginning of innovative behaviour EFFECTS • Production of crafted tools and more sophisticated weapons • development of trade for raw materials and ornaments • Emergence of sculptures, paintings and crafted objects that showcased beauty and religion

  16. “Lithos” = stone Paleolithic Age • Greek “paleo” means “old” • Upper Paleolithic age was 50 000 – 10 000 years ago Neolithic Age • Greek “neo” means “new” • Neolithic Revolution occurred between 9000 – 4000 BCE

  17. The Paleolithic Age • Humans during this period found shelter in caves. • Cave paintings left behind. Purpose??

  18. The Neolithic Age • “Neolithic”“New Stone” Age • 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE • Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle settled, stationery lifestyle. Hunting/Gathering  agricultural production and domestication of animals.

  19. Image Analysis Activity: Observation, Deduction, Hypothesis

  20. Virtual Tour of Lascaux Caves http://www.lascaux.culture.fr/#/en/02_00.xml

  21. Image Analysis Activity: Observation, Deduction, Hypothesis

  22. Image Analysis Activity: Observation, Deduction, Hypothesis

  23. Homo sapiens sapiens in Europe

  24. The Agricultural Revolution • 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE • Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. • SLASH-AND-BURN Farming Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia 8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

  25. The Agricultural Revolution ? ? Development of Agriculture ? ?

  26. The Agricultural Revolution Why do you think the development of agriculture occurred around the same time in several different places?

  27. Early Settled Communities • Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations. • More permanent, settled communities emerged. • 9,000 BCE  Earliest Agricultural Settlement atJARMO( northern Iraq ) wheat

  28. Early Settled Communities • 8,000 BCE  Largest Early Settlement atÇatal Hüyük( Modern Turkey )  6,000 inhabitants • 12 cultivated crops • Division of labor • Engaged in trade • Organized religion An obsidian dagger • Small military

  29. Early Settled Communities Çatal Hüyük

  30. The Agricultural Revolution What role did the food supply play in shaping the nomadic life of hunter-gatherers and the settled life of the farmers?

  31. Why is the "Neolithic Revolution" a turning point in human history??

  32. What is the next step in the development of human settlements??

  33. RECAP: Major Innovations of the Stone Age • More complex human societies (from semi-nomadic to permanent cities; domestication of animals; leisure time) • Development of social hierarchies • Development of alliances and cooperation • Marriage customs • Development of trade goods and routes • Religious rituals • Refined sense of artistic beauty

  34. ALL THESE LED TO THE FIRST “CIVILIZATION”

  35. What are the characteristics of a civilization??

  36. Advanced Cities Advanced Technology CIVILIZATION Specialized Workers Record- Keeping Complex Institutions

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