United Nations is…

1. United Nations is… • “All” 192 • Founded after • Meets in _____________? • Works to resolve problems, keep peace AND to improve bad conditions that lead to war • “Has” troops (really uses troops from member countries) (if ___________________agree) NATIONS OF THE WORLD WW II New York “Top” 15 countries

2. 1991 2001 2003 Saddam Hussein (Iraq) 9/11 Attacks in USA - terrorists based in Afghanistan (terrorists allowed by Taliban) Iraq “speaks” dangerously takes over Kuwait UN Invades Afghanistan goes after Al Qaeda U.S. Invades Iraq (against UN demands) UN pushes Iraq out (back to Iraq) Concern: Terrorism Concern: ???? Initially WMDs, now “vacuum effect” Concern: Control of World’s Oil Also: WMDs!!

3. Saddam’s Motives? ?

4. Consider... • US = 5% of world’s population, • but consumes about 30 % world’s resources. and • 70% of the world's oil was threatened by Saddam. so….

5. 1991 Sometime during the 1990s 2001 2003 Saddam Hussein (Iraq) Saddam Hussein… ….calls the US & Europe the devil …kills some of his fellow Iraqis with WMDs …is supposed to allow UN inspections for MWDs takes over Kuwait UN pushes Iraq out (back to Iraq) ALSO… Radical Muslims attack the World Trade Center & fail Concern: Control of World’s Oil Also: WMDs!!

6. WMD’s - Weapons of Mass Destruction • Nuclear (blows things up) • Chemical (burns living things ) • Biological (not immediate, causes bodies to be eaten up from inside out) FACT: Saddam was known to have used these weapons in his own country against the Kurdish people

8. 1991 2001 2003 Saddam Hussein (Iraq) 9/11 Attacks in USA - terrorists based in Afghanistan (terrorists allowed by Taliban) Iraq “speaks” dangerously takes over Kuwait UN Invades Afghanistan goes after Al Qaeda US Invades Iraq (against UN demands) UN pushes Iraq out (back to Iraq) Concern: Terrorism Concern: ???? Initially WMDs, now “vacuum effect” Concern: Control of World’s Oil Also: WMDs!!

9. We (US) invade Iraq (against U.N. decisions) WHY? To find the WMDs that Saddam may use on US!

11. What is the connection between Iraq and Osama?

12. NONE!!… Because they were fighting for different reasons!

13. POWER ($)!!!! Saddam:… (political) Osama:… Kill the devil (that’s YOU!) (religious)

14. Bottom line…. No link has ever been made between Saddam and Osama ok, maybe one…

15. “DESERT STORM” PERSIAN GULF WAR (1990-91)

16. WHAT ABOUT KUWAIT’S GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION WOULD APPEAL TO IRAQ? ITS STRATEGIC LOCATION ON THE PERSIAN GULF WHICH IS THE OIL “HIGHWAY” OF THE MIDDLE EAST THE MIDDLE EAST

17. BACKGROUND TO CONFLICT • IRAQ NEARLY BANKRUPT: • IN DEBT TO KUWAIT WHO FINANCED WAR AGAINST IRAN • IRAQ CONSIDERED KUWAIT AN IRAQI PROVINCE • ACCUSED KUWAIT OF “SLANT-DRILLING” INTO IRAQI OIL FIELDS

18. U.S. RELATIONSHIP WITH IRAQ • GENERALLY STABLE, BUT U.S. HAD SEVERAL CONCERNS: • IRAQ WAS AN ALLY OF THE USSR • IRAQ WAS CRITICAL OF ISRAEL • IRAQ SUPPORTED SEVERAL ISLAMIC TERRORIST GROUPS • U.S. PREFERRED THAT IRAQ WIN THE WAR AGAINST IRAN • SADDAM BELIEVED THE U.S., SAUDI ARABIA, & KUWAIT WERE CONSPIRING AGAINST IRAQ’S ECONOMY

19. THE INVASION • AUGUST 2, 1990 – IRAQ ATTACKS & OCCUPIES KUWAIT • IRAQI MILITARY COMMITS ABUSES • IRAQ ANNEXES KUWAIT • IRAQI FORCES MOVE TOWARD THE BORDER OF SAUDI ARABIA, A U.S. ALLY

20. “GUESTS” OR “HUMAN SHIELDS”? • SADDAM REFUSED TO ALLOW SOME WESTERNERS TO LEAVE IRAQ • HE CLAIMED THEY WERE “GUESTS . . . MOST OF THE WORLD VIEWED THEM AS “HUMAN SHIELDS” FOR IRAQ

21. ENTER THE UNITED NATIONS • U.N. CONDEMNS THE INVASION: • DEMANDS IRAQ WITHDRAW BY 1-15-91 • PLACES ECONOMIC SANCTIONS ON IRAQ • AUTHORIZES THE USE OF FORCE

22. OPERATION “DESERT SHIELD” • FEAR THAT IRAQ WOULD INVADE SAUDI ARABIA • U.S. TROOPS MOVE INTO SAUDI ARABIA 8-7-90 TO PREVENT AN INVASION • CALLED OPERATION DESERT SHIELD

23. BUILDING A COALITION • U.S. ASSEMBLES A COALITION (TEMPORARY ALLIANCE) OF OVER 30 NATIONS TO OPPOSE IRAQ: • SOME CONTRIBUTE MILITARY FORCE OTHERS GIVE $ • INCLUDES SOME ARAB COUNTRIES

24. REASONS FOR U.N. & U.S. INTERVENTION • VIOLATION OF KUWAITI SOVEREIGNTY • SUPPORT FOR SAUDI ARABIA (U.S. ALLY & KEY SUPPLIER OF OIL**) • HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES • IRAQ HAD: • BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WEAPONS • A NUCLEAR WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

25. U.S. LEADERS SEC. OF DEF. CHENEY PRESIDENT BUSH CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS COLIN POWELL GENERAL “STORMIN’” NORMAN SCHWARZKOPF

26. THE COALITION STRIKES BACK • IRAQ DOES NOT WITHDRAW BY THE ULTIMATUM DATE OF 1-15-91 • ON 1-17-91 THE COALITION BEGAN MASSIVE OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS AGAINST IRAQ: • CODE NAMED OPERATION DESERT STORM

27. STRIKE FROM THE SKY! • COALITION LAUNCHED MASSIVE AIR CAMPAIGN AGAINST IRAQ: • DESTROYED IRAQI RADAR & AIRFIELDS • BOMBED IRAQI CAPITAL OF BAGHDAD • DESTROYED DAMS AND ELECTRICAL PLANTS • MANY CIVILIAN CASUALTIES

28. U.S. NAVY JOINED THE AIR ATTACKS • RADAR GUIDED CRUISE MISSILES CARRIER AIR STRIKES

29. STEALTH ATTACKS STEALTH TECHNOLOGY AIRCRAFT WERE USED FOR THE FIRST TIME IN COMBAT BAGHDAD UNDER NIGHT STEALTH ATTACK

30. POWs • IRAQIS SHOT DOWN MANY COALITION AIRCRAFT • POWs WERE OFTEN MISTREATED • SOME WERE SHOWN ON IRAQI TELEVISION & FORCED TO READ STATEMENTS CRITICAL OF THE WAR

31. WHAT ABOUT ISRAEL? • IRAQ ATTEMPTED TO DESTROY THE COALITION BY GOADING ISRAEL TO JOIN THE CONFLICT AND ALIENATING SOME ARAB COUNTRIES • IRAQ LAUNCHED MISSILES AGAINST ISRAEL • U.S. PERSUADED ISRAEL TO STAY OUT OF THE CONFLICT AND SENT MISSILES TO HELP ISRAEL’S AIR DEFENSES

32. ISRAEL UNDER ATTACK

33. PATRIOT AIR DEFENSE MISSILES

34. GROUND ASSAULT! • COALITION LAUNCHES MASSIVE ATTACK INTO IRAQ ON 2-24-91 • IRAQI TANKS & TROOPS NO MATCH FOR COALITION • IRAQIS SUFFER HUGE LOSSES • COALITION FORCES MOVE TO SURROUND IRAQI FORCES IN KUWAIT

37. U.S. FORCES IN ACTION

38. HIGHWAY OF DEATH IRAQI FORCES TRYING TO ESCAPE FROM KUWAIT WERE SLAUGHTERED BY COALITION AIRPOWER

40. "EVEN IN VIETNAM I DIDN'T SEE ANYTHING LIKE THIS. IT'S PATHETIC." — MAJOR BOB NUGENT ARMY INTELLIGENCE OFFICER

41. IRAQI VENGEANCE • RETREATING IRAQIS LEFT BEHIND AN ENVIRONMENTAL NIGHTMARE: • SET OIL WELLS ON FIRE • DUMPED OIL INTO THE PERSIAN GULF

42. THE FIGHTING ENDS • 100 HOURS AFTER THE GROUND ATTACK BEGAN PRESIDENT BUSH DECLARED A CEASE-FIRE • LESS THAN 300 AMERICANS KILLED

43. GULF WAR CONTROVERSIES • “HIGHWAY OF DEATH”ATTACKS TOO HARSH? • ERROR TO ALLOW SADDAM TO REMAIN IN POWER? • BEYOND SCOPE OF U.N. MANDATE • COALITION WOULD HAVE LOST MEMBERS • WOULD HAVE REQUIRED LONG-TERM OCCUPATION OF IRAQ • FAILURE OF COALITION TO PROTECT IRAQ’S KURDISH POPULATION FROM SADDAM’S REVENGE AFTER THE WAR • RETURNING COALITION SOLDIERS REPORTED ILLNESSES AFTER THE WAR: • CALLED GULF WAR SYNDROME

44. RESULTS • KUWAIT LIBERATED • RETURNING SOLDIERS GREETED POSITIVELY (UNLIKE VIETNAM) • “FEEL GOOD” WAR FOR AMERICANS: • TO SOME EXTENT ERASED THE GHOSTS OF VIETNAM • AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY WORKED (MOSTLY) • WAS QUICK AND COST FEW U.S. LIVES • CONSEQUENCES FOR IRAQ: • IRAQI NO-FLY ZONES ESTABLISHED • GREAT PHYSICAL DAMAGE • ECONOMIC SANCTIONS IMPOSED • U.N. SPONSERED WEAPONS INSPECTIONS • INCREASED ISLAMIC EXTREMISM: • ESPECIALLY AGAINST SAUDI ARABIA (VIEWED AS BEING ON SAME SIDE AS ISRAEL AND TOO CLOSE TO U.S.)

45. WHAT IS THE IDEA OF THIS CARTOON?

46. GULF WAR CARTOON WHAT IS THE IDEA OF THIS CARTOON?

47. CONNECTION TO THE PRESENT • HOW DOES THIS CARTOON CONNECT THE FIRST GULF WAR WITH THE CURRENT CONFLICT IN IRAQ?