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Chapter 19

Chapter 19. The Worlds of North & South. Geography. North. South. Climate – Cold Winters, Hot Humid Summers Coast Harbors & Inlets– shipbuilding, fishing, commerce Jagged New England Coast Inland Narrow flat plain, rocky soil not ideal for farming Thick Forests – timber harvested

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Chapter 19

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  1. Chapter 19 The Worlds of North & South

  2. Geography North South • Climate – Cold Winters, Hot Humid Summers • Coast • Harbors & Inlets– shipbuilding, fishing, commerce • Jagged New England Coast • Inland • Narrow flat plain, rocky soil not ideal for farming • Thick Forests – timber harvested • 1850 – 177,000 sq miles cleared • Rivers – rich soil • Wide plains, rich soil in New York, New Jersey and Pennylvania • Climate • Mild winters, hot summers • Plenty of rain, long growing seasons • Coast - swampy • Ideal for rice and sugar • Tobacco and corn farther inland • Forests - lumber • Rivers • Broad & flat • Good location for towns

  3. Geography NORTH South

  4. Economy north south Industry • 1810 – streams used to power machines in England • 1815 – first US factory with spinning and weaving machinery • 1830s – steam engines used • Shift from craftspeople to laborers Machines • 1831 – first reaper invented (cuts 28 times more than by hand) • 1847 – reaper factory in Chicago Agriculture • Eli Whitney-invents Cotton Gin King Cotton • Cotton gin used rotating combs to separate cotton from seeds • 1 cotton gin = 50 working by hand • Plantations use slave labor Land & Slaves • Cotton wears out soil – farmers push west • Cotton growth = slave growth 1790-1850: slavery rose from 500,000 to 3 million Tredegar Iron Works

  5. Economy NORTH South

  6. The Impact of the Cotton Gin on Slave Population

  7. Transportation north south Roads • 1806 – National Rd crosses Appalachian Mtns Ships & Canals • 1807 – steamboats • 1817 – 36 mile canal built from Hudson River to Lake Erie • 1840s – clipper ships used for ocean travel Railroad • 1840s – biggest business • 1860 – 20,000 miles of rail River • Riverboats brought cotton downstream • West of Appalachians – traveled on Mississippi • Mississippi River- mightiest Southern River Railroad • 1860 – 10,000 miles of rail

  8. Transportation NORTH South

  9. Society north south Northern Statistics • 1860 – 7 of 10 lived on farms • 1800-1850 – cities with more than 2,500 people increase from 33 to 237 • 1840-1860 – Population of NY, Philadelphia, and Boston triple African Americans • Free- Not treated equally • Could not vote, hold office, serve on juries, attend white churches and schools Immigrants • Ireland • Germany White Southerners • Wealthy plantation owners dominate economy and politics • Sons go to college, daughters become wives • 1 in 4 owned slaves • Majority of slaves worked on fields • 10% to poor to own land African Americans • Free blacks were small minority-Forced to wear badges, pay extra taxes, live separately • Majority were slaves- Cooks, carpenters, blacksmiths, house servants, nursemaids, field hands

  10. Society NORTH South

  11. Venn Comparison of North & South

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