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Amide Bond Formation. Amide bonds form upon reaction of carboxylic acids with ammonia, primary amines or secondary amines. When amide bonds form between amino acids we call it a peptide bond. Amino Acids. Proteins. Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers held together by peptide bonds.
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Amide Bond Formation • Amide bonds form upon reaction of carboxylic acids with ammonia, primary amines or secondary amines. • When amide bonds form between amino acids we call it a peptide bond.
Proteins • Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers held together by peptide bonds. • Roles of proteins: • Gene expression is due to proteins • Almost all enzymes are proteins • Many hormones are proteins or peptides • Proteins form structural tissue • Storage and transportation of many molecules is possible due to proteins (think back to passive transport of hydrophilic molecules in and out of cells) • The immune system uses proteins to identify and attack foreign invaders such as bacteria • Structure of proteins: • Primary Structure: refers to the sequence of amino acids in a protein chain held together by amide bonds (peptide bonds) • Secondary Structure: refers to the regular and repeating spatial organization of neighboring segments of protein chains (either the alpha-helix or the beta-sheet).