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Minerals

Minerals. EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. What is a Mineral?. DEF: A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure & a definite chemical composition. Example: Quartz. Naturally-occurring. Never man-made Ex: Like rocks. Inorganic:.

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?

  2. What is a Mineral? • DEF: A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure & a definite chemical composition. • Example: Quartz

  3. Naturally-occurring • Never man-made • Ex: Like rocks

  4. Inorganic: • Means the mineral cannot come from things that were once living • Non Example: Coal – it is organic because it comes from plants that lived millions of years ago.

  5. Solid • A 3-D geometric figure • Not a liquid or a gas!

  6. Crystal: • The repeating pattern of particles, line up when they form • Like a snowflake pattern or rock candy

  7. 6 Different Crystal Systems: • Cubic Ex: Magnetite • Hexagonal Ex: Quartz • Tetragonal Ex: Rutile • Orthorhombic Ex: Sulfur • Monoclinic Ex: Azurite • Triclinic Ex: Microcline Feldspar

  8. Definite Chemical Composition • Certain elements form together in specific ways • Like Hydrogen & Oxygen (H2O) and Carbon & Oxygen (CO2) form together to make these compounds

  9. Physical Properties Identify Minerals • Physical Properties include 6 “tests” you can perform on minerals to determine what type of mineral they might be.

  10. 1. Streak Test • The color of the mineral’s powder that’s left behind when it is rubbed across a rough surface • Example: Pyrite looks like gold but, it’s streak looks greenish-black (aka “fool’s gold”)

  11. 2. Luster • Describes how light is reflected from the mineral’s surface. What does it look like?

  12. 3. Density • It’s a calculation (math problem!) • Use a balance to find the mass • Place the mineral in H2O to find the amount of water it displaces. This amount is the volume of the mineral. • To find the density, divide mass by volume • Ex: Sample of Olivine • Mass = 237 g Volume = 72 cm3 • Density = 237 g/ 72 cm3 = 3.3 g/cm3

  13. 4. Cleavage • One way minerals break • Easily split along flat surfaces • Ex: Mica & Feldspar

  14. 5. Fracture • One way minerals break • Break unevenly in irregular ways • Chipped • Shell-like Ex: Quartz • Jagged points Ex: Copper & Iron • Crumbles Ex: Clay

  15. 6. Mohs Hardness Scale • A scale that ranks 10 minerals from softest to hardest. You can compare unknown minerals to the minerals on this scale • Hardness can be tested by a Scratch Test • A mineral can scratch any other softer mineral • It can also BE scratched by any harder mineral • Softest Mineral – Talc • Hardest Mineral - Diamond

  16. Science StandardS6E5. How Earth’s surface forms • b. Minerals make rocks • EX: Granite may be made of many different minerals (feldspar, mica, hornblende, quartz) • c. Rocks are classified by how they are formed • EX: Igneous rocks form from magma/lava cooling • d. Different processes change rock & the surface of the Earth • EX:Weathering & Erosion break down rocks & move them to new places

  17. Types of Luster • Metallic Ex: Galena • Glassy Ex: Topaz • Waxy, Greasy, Pearly Ex: Talc • Dull Ex: Graphite • Silky Ex: Malachite • Earthy Ex: Hematite

  18. Fill in the rest of your Mineral Brochure notes. • Use info already on the sheet • Use Ch 2 of your textbook (online @ home)

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