ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

1. ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

2. What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds

3. Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar

4. What Does ATP Do for You? It supplies YOU withENERGY!

5. How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP

6. When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals

7. Why do Cellular Respiration? • To release the energy stored in glucose!

8. Question: • In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration take place?

9. Plants and Animals • Plants - Autotrophs: self-producers. • Animals - Heterotrophs: consumers.

10. Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 YIELDS 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)

11. Cellular Respiration • Requires Oxygen (Aerobic Process) • Breaks down glucose • Produces carbon dioxide and water • Gives off energy!! (38 ATP)

12. What Organelle is Associated with Cellular Respiration?

13. Review of Mitochondria Structure • Smooth outer Membrane • Folded inner membrane • Folds called Cristae • Space inside cristae called the Matrix

14. What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? • Glycolysis • The Krebs Cycle • The Electron Transport Chain

15. Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place? • It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle & ETC Takeplace in the Mitochondria

16. What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? • Glycolysis • In cytoplasm • Doesn’t require oxygen (anaerobic) • Produces 2ATP • The Krebs Cycle • In mitochondria matrix • Produces 2 ATP • The Electron Transport Chain • In mitochondria across cristae • Produces 24 ATP

17. Diagram of the Process Occurs across Cristae Occurs in Cytoplasm Occurs in Matrix

18. Adding Up the ATP Cytosol Mitochondrion Glycolysis 2 Acetyl- CoA Krebs Cycle 2 Pyruvic acid Electron Transport Glucose Maximum per glucose: by ATP synthase by direct synthesis by direct synthesis Figure 6.14 18

19. Fermentation • Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic process) • Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired) • Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol) • Nets only 2 ATP

20. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Can occur in your muscle cells • How glucose is broken down when O2 is NOT present (anaerobic process) • Lactic Acid is produced (makes muscles tired) • Only makes 2 ATP!

21. Alcoholic Fermentation • Happens in yeast – how they get ATP! • How glucose is broken down when O2 is NOT present (anaerobic process) • Produces CO2 and Ethanol • Only makes 2 ATP! • How bread is made! How beer and wine are made!

22. When you exercise: Muscles need energy in order to perform work Your cells use oxygen to release energy from the sugar glucose Both aerobic and anaerobic burning of glucose can take place in your cells FEELING THE “BURN” 22

23. Aerobic metabolism - When enough oxygen reaches cells to support energy needs - Maximum energy production (38 ATP) Anaerobic metabolism When the demand for oxygen outstrips the body’s ability to deliver it Low energy production (2 ATP) Aerobic & Anaerobic Metabolism 23

24. Without enough oxygen, muscle cells break down glucose to produce lactic acid Lactic acid is associated with the “burn” associated with heavy exercise If too much lactic acid builds up, your muscles give out Anaerobic Metabolism 24

25. Comparison 25