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Understanding Chemical Reactions: Synthesis, Decomposition, and More

Explore the five types of chemical reactions including Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, and Combustion. Learn how to identify and balance equations for each reaction type.

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Understanding Chemical Reactions: Synthesis, Decomposition, and More

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  1. Types of Reactions

  2. Five Types of Reactions • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single Replacement • Double Replacement • Combustion

  3. 1. Synthesis A + X a AX Examples: Mg + S a MgS 4 Fe + 3 O2a 2 Fe2O3 N2 + 3 H2a 2 NH3 2 Na + S a Na2S Na+1S-2 Ca + O2a 2 CaO Ca+2O-2 CaO 2 NH3 + H2O a NH4OH Synthesis reactions can be recognized by 2 or more substances producing one.

  4. 2. Decomposition AX a A + X electricity 2 H2O a 2 H2 + O2 H2O a H2 + O2 D CaCO3a CaO + CO2 D means heat 2 NH3a N2 + 3 H2 NH3a N2 + H2 Decomposition reactions can be recognized by 1 substance producing 2 or more.

  5. 3.Single Replacement AX + B a BX + A or AX + Y a AY + X If B is a metal, it will replace the metal, A AX + B a BX + A A X B If Y is a nonmetal, it will replace the nonmetal, X AX + Y a AY + X A X Y

  6. Example: SrBr2 + Cl2a SrCl2 + Br2 nonmetal 2 NaCl + F2a 2 NaF + Cl2 Na+1F-1 + Cl2 Ca + ZnO a Zn + CaO metal Ca + a Ca+2OH-1 + H2 think of water as HOH H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2 2 HOH metal

  7. Some replacement reactions are not possible. In order for an element to be replaced, it has to be less active than the element that is replacing it. For example, the reaction Zn + CaCl2 a no reaction Zn is not more active than Ca. So it cannot replace it.

  8. Activity Series for single replacement reactions Metals Lithium Potassium Barium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Manganese Zinc Chromium Iron Cobalt Nickel Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Mercury Platinum Gold Nonmetals Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Zn + CaCl2 a no reaction decreasing activity Ca + ZnCl2 a CaCl2 + Zn

  9. 4. Double Replacement AX + BY a BX + AY AX + BY a BX + AY A X B Y 2 KI + Pb(NO3)2a + K I Pb NO3 (balance the equation) (check the charges) PbI2 Pb+2I-1 K+1 2 KNO3 KNO3 NO3-1 (correct formulas) (switch places)

  10. HCl + Mg(OH)2a (switch places) HCl + Mg(OH)2a MgCl + HOH check the charges HCl + Mg(OH)2a Mg+2Cl-1 + H+1OH-1 correct formulas HCl + Mg(OH)2a MgCl2 + HOH balance the equation 2HCl + Mg(OH)2a MgCl2 + 2 HOH or 2 H2O

  11. (switch places) FeS + HCl a FeS + HCl a FeCl + HS check the charges FeS + HCl a Fe+2Cl-1 + H+1S-2 correct formulas FeS + HCl a FeCl2 + H2S balance the equation FeS + 2 HCl a FeCl2 + H2S

  12. 5. Combustion of hydrocarbons CxHy + O2a CO2 + H2O complete combustion CxHy + O2a CO + H2O incomplete combustion Hydrocarbons are usually fuels. CH4 methane C3H8 propane (LP gas) C4H10 butane C8H18 octane (gasoline)

  13. The reaction for the completecombustion of methane: CH4 + O2a predict the products CH4 + O2a CO2 + H2O balance the equation CH4 + O2a CO2 + 2 H2O CH4 + 2 O2a CO2 + 2 H2O

  14. The reaction for the incompletecombustion of propane: C3H8 + O2a CO + H2O balance the equation C3H8 + O2a3 CO + H2O C3H8 + O2a3 CO + 4 H2O 7 oxygens C3H8 + 3½ O2a3 CO + 4 H2O multiply by 2 2 C3H8 + 7 O2a6 CO + 8 H2O

  15. A + X a AX 1. Synthesis 2. Decomposition AX a A + X 3. Single Replacement AX + B a BX + A or AX + Y a AY + X 4. Double Replacement AX + BY a BX + AY 5. Combustion of hydrocarbons CxHy + O2a CO2 + H2O complete combustion CxHy + O2a CO + H2O incomplete combustion

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