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Improve your understanding of key learning concepts with this comprehensive flashcard set. Explore terms related to observational learning, conditioning, reinforcement, and more.
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Learning Review Flashcards for Terms on the Test
Definition • The type of learning that occurs when a person observes and imitates others is called…
Answer • Observational Learning
Definition • A response that is natural, automatic, or not learned, is called a(n)…
Answer • Unconditioned Response
Definition • A(n) ___________ reinforcer increases the frequency of the behavior it follows when it is added to the environment.
Answer • Positive Reinforcer
Definition • The method of __________ involves exposing a person to a harmless stimulus until he or she is no longer afraid of it.
Answer • Flooding
Definition • On a ___________ schedule, reinforcements are provided only after a certain number of correct responses have been made.
Answer • Fixed Ratio
Definition • A type of stimulus that was formerly neutral and takes on new meaning by being associated with something else is called a(n)
Answer • Conditioned Stimulus
Definition • This kind of reinforcement occurs when a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs.
Answer • Continuous Reinforcement
Definition • ___________ is the method of teaching complex behaviors by breaking them down into manageable parts.
Answer • Shaping
Definition • A(n) ___________ reinforcer is learned and becomes effective by first being paired with such reinforcers as food and shelter.
Answer • Primary Reinforcer
Definition • Reinforcements are applied with a set amount of time between them on a________ schedule.
Answer • Fixed Interval
Definition • __________ is the learning that occurs while a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and it is repeated over and over. The initial learning of new response.
Answer • Acquisition
Definition • Form of classical conditioning in which a food comes to be avoided
Answer • Taste Aversion
Definition • This type of stimulus elicits a response not normally associated with it after being paired with an unconditional stimulus.
Answer • Conditioned Stimulus
Definition • Form of learning by successive approximations. Used to teach animals tricks.
Answer • Shaping
Definition • Act of responding in the same way to stimuli that seem similar. For example, a dog salivates to a bell and to a buzzer with a similar tone.
Answer • Generalization
Definition • Elicits no response before conditioning
Answer • Neutral Stimulus
Definition • Method of overcoming fears by pairing a pleasing stimulus with a feared one.
Answer • Counter conditioning
Definition • A(n) ___________ reinforcer is desired because the animal learns to value it, like praise.
Answer • Secondary Reinforcer
Definition • Method of overcoming fear that involves relaxation and gradual exposure to the feared stimulus
Answer • Systematic Desensitization
Definition • Revival of an extinguished response when the unconditioned stimulus suddenly reappears.
Answer • Spontaneous Recovery
Definition • Form of learning based on the consequences of actions
Answer • Operant Conditioning
Definition • Act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar. For example, a dog salivates to a bell but not a knock on the wooden door.
Answer • Descrimination
Definition • When a conditioned response stops occurring because the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented
Answer • Extinction
Definition • Reinforcement that encourages a behavior by meeting an organism's basic biological needs like food, water, or sex drive.
Answer • Primary Reinforcer
Definition • A natural stimulus that causes an automatic response
