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Silvicultural control for the sustained production of big, old trees

Learn how to sustainably manage big, old trees through silvicultural control methods. Discover techniques for recognizing when old trees are dying and the importance of cutting smaller trees for replacements. This guide provides step-by-step instructions using FVS Event Monitor and emphasizes the need for considering partial harvesting and maintaining non-decreasing mean dbh of the largest trees.

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Silvicultural control for the sustained production of big, old trees

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  1. Silvicultural control for the sustained production of big, old trees Albert R. Stage

  2. Stage Property Photographs Southwest views from south field Southeastern portion of the property Large ponderosa pines

  3. How to recognize that old trees die? • Not cutting trees larger than xx does not guarantee there will be trees larger than xx in the future. • Instead, it is an incentive to cut all trees at less than xx-1. ( or none at all ) • The problem: How to know how many smaller trees are needed for replacements?

  4. An alternative objective: • Never cut the N largest trees/acre • Keep their mean dbh non-decreasing if possible. • By: • Defining the “train” of replacements • Considering partial harvesting of the excess. • Speeds diameter growth • Brings in reproduction

  5. Steps using FVS Event Monitor • (1) Segment the population into size classes, the largest of which includes just the class to be protected; • (2) Estimate the numbers, increment and mortality rates in each class; • (3) Estimate the movement of individuals growing into the next larger class; • (4) Define the number required to KEEP in this class to make up mortality of “replacements” in the next larger class; • (5) Simulate the removal of some proportion of the excess.

  6. Segment the population into size classes • COMPUTE 0 • SWTCH = 1 • TARGET = 5. • BUF = 0.0 • DMAX = DBHDIST(3,6) • D5 = DMAX-DMAX/10. • D4 = D5-D5/8. • ∙∙∙∙ • D1 = D2-D2/2. • CNT1 = SPMCDBH(1,ALL,0,D1,999.,0.,999.,0) • ∙∙∙∙ • CNT4 = SPMCDBH(1,ALL,0,D4,999.,0.,999.,0) • CNT5 = SPMCDBH(1,ALL,0,D5,999.,0.,999.,0) • CNT6 = SPMCDBH(1,ALL,0,DMAX-0.001,999.,0.,999.,0) • D51 = LININT(TARGET,CNT6,CNT5,CNT4,CNT3,CNT2,CNT1,DMAX,D5,D4,D3,D2,D1 ) • NT51 = SPMCDBH(1,ALL,0,D51,999.,0.,999.,0) • XTRA = NT51 - TARGET • SWTCH = 2

  7. Estimate mortality rates in each class • IF • CYCLE GT 1 AND SWTCH EQ 2 • THEN • COMPUTE 0 • D5 = D51 • D5D5 = D5/5. • D4 = D5 - D5D5 • D3 = D4 - D5D5 • D2 = D3 - D5D5 • D1 = D2 - D5D5 • MT0 = SPMCDBH(1,ALL,0,3.0,D1,0.,999.,1) • MT1 = SPMCDBH(1,ALL,0,D1,D2, 0.,999.,1) • MT2 = SPMCDBH(1,ALL,0,D2,D3, 0.,999.,1) • MT3 = SPMCDBH(1,ALL,0,D3,D4, 0.,999.,1) • MT4 = SPMCDBH(1,ALL,0,D4,D5, 0.,999.,1) • MT5 = SPMCDBH(1,ALL,0,D5,99.,0.,999.,1)

  8. Estimate the movement of individuals growing into the larger classes • Need: • Diameter increment in class / class width • Number of surviving trees in class: • Replacements for mortality of KEEPers in next larger class

  9. Or, in event monitor jargon: • NEEDFOR5 = MT5 • SURPLS4 =(NT4-MT4)*DI4/(D5D5)-NEEDFOR5 • KEEP4 = MAX(NEEDFOR5,0) • NEEDFOR4 = NEEDFOR5*NT4/(NT4-MT4) • SURPLS3 = (NT3-MT3)*DI3/D5D5- NEEDFOR4 • KEEP3 = MAX(NEEDFOR4,0) • NEEDFOR3 = NEEDFOR4*NT3/(NT3-MT3) • SURPLS2 = (NT2-MT2)*DI2/D5D5 - NEEDFOR3 • KEEP2 = MAX(NEEDFOR3,0) • ∙∙∙ • NEEDFOR1 = NEEDFOR2*NT1/(NT1-MT1) • SURPLS0 =(NT0-MT0)*DI0/D1 - NEEDFOR1 • KEEP0 = MAX(NEEDFOR1,0) • SWTCH = 3

  10. And all that other stuff-- • Regeneration keywords for site prep, etc. • Fire effects of prescribed fire, slash treatment, etc.

  11. Harvest the excess? • IF • CYCLE GT 1 AND SWTCH EQ 3 • THEN • MINHARV 0 0. 1800. • THINBTA 0 PARMS((KEEP4-MIN(XTRA,0))*(1.+BUF),0.5,D4, D5,0.,999.) • THINBTA 0 PARMS(KEEP3*(1.+BUF),0.5, D3, D4,00.,999. ) • THINBTA 0 PARMS(KEEP2*(1.+BUF),0.5, D2, D3,00.,999. ) • THINBTA 0 PARMS(KEEP1*(1.+BUF),0.2, D1, D2,00.,999. ) • THINBTA 0 PARMS(KEEP0*(1.+BUF),0.2, 0, D1,00.,999. ) • ENDIF

  12. Here’s to ever bigger trees: • Stewardship Plan has been approved – • Palouse Land Trust holds the easement-- • All I need is a gentle logger!!

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