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Bell Work

Bell Work. List 4 reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire Who tried to save the Roman Empire by dividing it? Who moved the capital to the east? Where was the Eastern Roman Empire located (old name of the city & new name of the city)?. The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome. Objectives.

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Bell Work

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  1. Bell Work • List 4 reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire • Who tried to save the Roman Empire by dividing it? • Who moved the capital to the east? • Where was the Eastern Roman Empire located (old name of the city & new name of the city)?

  2. The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome

  3. Objectives • Describe the geographic advantages of Constantinople’s location • Compare the Byzantine Empire the Roman Empire • Describe the role of Justinian in the rise of the Byzantine Empire

  4. Setting the stage • The Western Roman Empire crumbled • For 1000 yrs after the collapse of the W the E would carry on the glory of Rome • The E would remain and become: The Byzantine Empire

  5. Geography Asia Europe • The Emperor Constantine moved the capital to Byzantium; later renamed Constantinople located on: • the Bosporus Strait connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. • Europe& Asiameet at the Bosporus Strait. 6

  6. Why the East? • Constantinople on: seaport • Important point for trade • major trade routes b/w Asia & Europe • Gateways b/w Black Sea & Aegean Sea • Control gateways = control shipping

  7. Byzantine Empire vs Rome? • Both a Greek & Christian state • Greek replaced Latin as official language • Christian church now Eastern Orthodox Church (EOC) • Byzantine emperor controlled church & state • Emperor appointed the head of the church

  8. 10 Constantinople

  9. Emperor Justinian

  10. Reign of Justinian • Byzantine emperors believed: rightful rulers of all the lands Rome once held • Justinian tried to reconquer the western lands, then became emperor

  11. Reconquering Roman Lands Why? • Regain Rome’s glory • Justinian ruled as an autocrat . • Ruler who has complete authority • Created a huge Christian empire • Empire reached its greatest size • Did he succeed? • Yes, at first • Ruled almost all the territory that Rome had ever ruled • After his death the lands were taken back • 1453 Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks

  12. Simplifying the laws • Justinian ordered group of scholars to organize the laws • From the last 400 years • Laws contradicted each other, so cleaned them up • Code of Justinian • Decided legal questions in all areas • Marriage, property, justice, etc. • Did he succeed? • Yes • Code of Justinian: basis of law in the Byzantine empire until its end (900 years)

  13. Justinian’s Code of Laws • Laws were fairer to women. • They could own property • raise their own children after their husbands died. • Children allowed to choose their own marriage partners. • Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their masters. • Punishments were detailed and fit the crime • His work inspired the modern concept and, indeed, the very spelling of "justice".

  14. Building Program: Glorifying Constantinople • Larger building program than any other Emperor • Walls for protection • Marketplace for trade • Courts, schools, hospitals • Hagia Sophia • Crowning glory of Justinian’s reign • church of Holy Wisdom • Hippodrome – like Rome’s Coliseum for main events • where gladiator fights & chariot races were held • Did he succeed?

  15. Hagia Sophia

  16. Hippodrome

  17. Preservation of Greco-Roman Culture • Modern world owes Byzantines a huge debt! • Preserved Greek & Roman culture • HOW? • Valued education – Classical Learning • Greek and Roman • Grammar • Literature • Philosophy • Studied Homer • Geometry from Euclid • History from Herodotus • Medicine from Galen

  18. Questions • What were Justinian’s 3 major goal during his reign as emperor? • What Byzantine emperor tried to re-conquer the lands that were lost to the west? • Name 2 buildings in Constantinople and their purpose? • Who took over Constantinople after Justinian’s rule? • What type of rule did Justinian have and what does it mean? • Write down 2 things from the Code of Laws that changed.

  19. To Do • Worksheet: Analyzing Emperor Justinian

  20. Bell Work • Augustus, the first emperor of Rome, created a system of government that existed for centuries. How did the government of the eastern empire compare with that of the western empire? • One of Rome’s lasting contributions was its law. How does the Justinian Code compare with the principles of Roman law? • In ancient Rome, the Colosseum wa the site of free games, races, and gladiator contests for the masses. What kinds of free entertainment did the Hippodrome offer to citizens of Constantinople?

  21. Objectives • Examine the reasons for the split of the Catholic Church within the Byzantine Empire. • Compare the decline of Roman Empire to the decline of the Byzantium Empire

  22. The Great Schism • What is it? • separation between two great branches of Christianity • East • Eastern Orthodox Church • West • Roman Catholic

  23. The Church Divides • The Western & Eastern Empires develop differently • Due to lack of contact • Differences grew • East was more oriented towards Asia and Northeastern Europe • Differences • Language • Marriage of priests • Leader • Icons

  24. Differences • Language • East – Greek • West – Latin • Marriage • East – allowed priests to marry • West – not allowed

  25. Differences - Leader East: Constantinople • church was headed by the Patriarch • spiritual leader • controlled by the Emperor West: Rome • church was headed by the Pope • Spiritual leader • had control over the rulers of Western Europe. Pope in Rome thought he was above any ruler, Pope in Constantinople thought that rulers had power

  26. Differences - Icons • Conflict over icons • Icons – small art objects that depict a holy figure • Iconoclasts – People who were against the use of icons in worship, should just pray to God

  27. End Result: The Split • Several Byzantine Emperors attempted to ban the use of icons • The pope in the west supported the use of icons • In 1054 both Popes excommunicated each other • Excommunicated – declared outside the church • Two branches form • Roman Catholic Church - West • Eastern Orthodox Church - East

  28. Decline of the Byzantine Empire • Loss of land • Turkish troops seized most of the Asian provinces of the Empire. • Creation of independent Slavic kingdoms in the Balkans (like Serbia) • showed the Empire’s diminished power. • Loss of Power • increased impact of Italian trading cities with the ports of Constantinople. • Attacked • Crusade to take back Holy Land actually turned against Constantinople! • Weakened the Byzantine Empire more!

  29. The End of the Byzantine Empire • 1453: The Byzantine empire drew to a close • forces from the Muslim Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople. • The ancient Christian city was renamed Istanbul • became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

  30. Istanbul is Constantinople

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