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Haitian Revolution

Haitian Revolution. Timeline. Egalit é for All. Liberty Equality Fraternity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b69lS3aP1a4&feature=related. 1400s. Over a million Taino/Arawak people lived on the island of “ Hayti ”. Hispaniola. 1492

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Haitian Revolution

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  1. Haitian Revolution Timeline

  2. Egalité for All • Liberty • Equality • Fraternity • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b69lS3aP1a4&feature=related

  3. 1400s Over a million Taino/Arawak people lived on the island of “Hayti”

  4. Hispaniola 1492 • Columbus landed on the island and named it “La Española” or “Hispaniola” 1517 • Due to Spanish conquest and enslavement, the Taino/Arawak population was reduced to 60,000 people

  5. 1577 • Spain ordered that 15,000 Negro slaves be shipped from Africa to Hispaniola. • Bartolomé de las Casas argued that this would relieve the stresses which were killing the native peoples in the Americas. • By 1592, fewer than 200 Taino/Arawak people remained on Hispaniola

  6. 1600s 1644 • Sugar cane was introduced to the island marking the beginning of a “great economic revolution” (Korngold, 1944) • Haiti became the wealthiest, most resource-rich, most valuable colony of its age.

  7. 1697 • Through the Treaty of Ryswick, France gained control of one-third of Hispaniola, and named it Saint Domingue • Trade began between Saint Domingue and the 13 British Colonies (the future U.S.)

  8. “The Pearl of Antilles” • 1789- "Saint Dominguehad attained a height of prosperity not surpassed in the history of European colonies. It supplied half of Europe with sugar, coffee and cotton." (Korngold, 1944)

  9. Think Fast! 60 sec! • What made Santo Domingo a special colony?

  10. 1700s 1790 (one year after the French Revolution) • A Saint-Domingue mulatto delegation traveled to the French Assembly to request French rights for mulattos but were refused. Oct - Dec • Vincent Ogé led a failed revolt and was later executed.

  11. 1791 May • French Assembly gave full political rights to mulattos and free blacks. September • White planters in Saint Domingue objected to granting citizenship to free blacks --> Violence erupted!

  12. 1791 August 22, 1791. • A religious Vodou ceremony ignited a slave revolt, known as the Boukman Rebellion which sparked the Haitian Revolution • (see Boukman’s prayer) http://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Boukman

  13. Think Fast! 60 sec! • What made Toussaint L’ouverture such a great leader?

  14. Haitian Revolution: 1791 - 1803 Toussaint L’ouverture emerged as the leader of the Haitian Revolution • A former slave, he became a brilliant general http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvpRpYIZXow&feature=related

  15. 1801 • After years of battle and intense negotiations with the Spain, France, and the U.S., Louverture conquered all of Hispaniola and abolished slavery • July 8th, 1801, Louverture signed the Haitian Constitution

  16. 1802 • French emperor, Napoleón Bonaparte, sent his brother-in-law, Victor Leclerc to Saint Domingue to re-establish slavery • Louverture wrote a letter to Commander-in-Chief Jean-Jacques Dessalines asking him to burn down Port-au-Prince and stop the advance of Leclerc’s troops sent to reestablish slavery --> The revolution’s fiercest battle ensued!

  17. 1802-1805 April 1802 • Louverture and Dessalines agreed to a truce with Leclerc • Louverture was deceived and imprisoned (He died on April 7,1803,) November 18, 1803 • Dessalines’ army defeated France November 28, 1803 • Proclamation of Independence January 1, 1804 • Saint-Domingue became the Republic of Hayti (the name of the Island under Taino rule) May 20, 1805 • Dessalines signed the Haitian Constitution of 1805

  18. 1825 • King Charles X of France recognized the country of Haiti in return for 150 million francs in gold, payment for France’s losses due to the abolition of slavery in St. Domingue/Haiti. • Haiti was the only country in which the ex-slaves themselves were expected to pay a foreign government for their liberty By 1900 • Haiti was was spending 80% of its national budget on repayments • By taking loans from the United States, Germany and France, Haiti was able to pay off its debt in 1947

  19. EXIT TICKET • Why did the Haitian Revolution happen when it did? • How would the world be different if the Haitian Revolution hadn’t happen?

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