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A soil profile is an exposure from the surface downward through a soil to its parent material.

A soil profile is an exposure from the surface downward through a soil to its parent material. Image: Martin Miller. Image: NRCS. Soils-3-1. Soil profiles generally expose three layers or soil horizons. Image: National Cooperative Soil Survey. Soils-3-2.

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A soil profile is an exposure from the surface downward through a soil to its parent material.

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  1. A soil profile is an exposure from the surface downward through a soil to its parent material. Image: Martin Miller Image: NRCS Soils-3-1

  2. Soil profiles generally expose three layers or soil horizons. Image: National Cooperative Soil Survey Soils-3-2

  3. The upper “A” horizon contains organic matter mixed with mineral particles. Percolating water dissolves and removes some mineral constituents from the “A” horizon. Horizon “A” Soils-3-3

  4. Some constituents dissolved from the “A” horizon are deposited below in the “B” horizon. Horizon “A” Horizon “B” Soils-3-4

  5. The “C” horizon is the lower soil layer developed on the underlying parent material. Horizon “A” Horizon “B” Horizon “C” Soils-3-5

  6. A mature soil profile with well developed A, B, and C horizons takes hundreds to thousands of years to develop. Horizon “A” Horizon “B” Horizon “C” Image: NRCS Soils-3-6

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