12/13/13 Happy Friday!! Get out your reviews!!!!!!

1. 12/13/13Happy Friday!!Get out your reviews!!!!!!

2. 1. What mRNA codons would produce the following sequence of amino acids? CAU UGG GAU CAA CAG UGG GAC CAG His – Trp – Asp – Gln

3. 2. What amino acid strand is created from the mRNA strand below? AAC GGA CGC Asn – Gly – Arg

4. 3. Which of the following codons does NOT code for the amino acid Leucine (Leu)? CUU CUC CAU CUG CAU

5. 4. What form of cellular division is described in this chart? Meiosis

6. At what step in this process are chromosomes exchanging DNA with each other? What is this called? Crossing over Step 3

7. What is the end result of meiosis? 4 genetically different HAPLOID cells

8. 5. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

9. 6. How can mutations, which are generally bad for organisms, be sometimes beneficial? When they enable the organism to adapt

10. 7. What nitrogen base is found during the process of transcription that is NOT found during the process of replication? Uracil

11. 8. Which part of this diagram represents codons being translated? 3

12. 9. Which part of this diagram represents transcription taking place? 2

13. 10. What process does this diagram represent? Protein Synthesis

14. 11. Find & circle the cell undergoing Anaphase.

15. 12. If a cross is done between two pea plants with the genotypes TTYy and Ttyy, what is the expected phenotype ratio? 50% Tall, Yellow 50% Tall, Green

16. 13. What are two things that can affect an enzyme’s ability to break down a substance? pH, temp & concentration

17. 14. Cystic Fibrosis is a recessive disorder, where an individual has the disease if they are homozygous recessive. If a male carrier for the disease has children with a female that is homozygous dominant, what percentage of their offspring could have the disease? F F 0% F f

18. 15. What types of cells are produced by meiosis? Gametes (sex cells)

19. 16. What molecule is broken down to produce ATP during cellular respiration? glucose

20. 17. What are the genotype & phenotype ratios for this cross? 50% Bb 50% bb 50% black 50% brown

21. What does the arrow indicate on this DNA model? Hydrogen bonds

22. 6. What does the process of crossing over create for a species? Crossing over

23. 20. What occurs in the cell during replication? DNA doubles

24. 21. In this model of transcription, what occurs after the DNA molecule has been unzipped? Each DNA base pairs with a complimentary RNA base

25. 22. A female parent is a carrier for a recessive sex linked trait. The male parent does not carry the trait. What percentage of their female offspring will have the trait? What percentage of their male offspring will have it? Xh Xh 0% females 100% males XH Y

26. 23. What are the products of the light dependent reactions? ATP, NADPH, H+ & O2

27. 24. How is RNA different from DNA? RNA is single stranded & used for protein synthesis

28. 25. An mRNA strand has a codon that reads • 5’ – AGG – 3’ • What would the anticodon on a tRNA molecule be that matches the codon? 3’ UCC 5’

29. 26. Which part of the DNA molecule causes the expression of different traits among organisms of the same species? Nitrogen bases (rungs of the ladder)

30. 27. What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle? DNA replicates

31. 28. If the polymer is a protein, than what are the subunits, or monomers called? Amino acids

32. 29. Diseases that affect cellular reproduction (asexual reproduction) affect which part of the cell cycle? mitosis

33. 30. How many chromosomes do the reproductive cells have in comparison to the body cells? What terms describe the two types of cells in terms of chromosomes? diploid haploid 1/2 of the chromosomes

34. 31. A cell with 14 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will the daughter cells have? 14 My “twin” sis

35. 32. What kind of biomolecule is this? Lipid

36. 33. How do you know this is DNA instead of RNA? It is double stranded

37. 34. What is the difference between offspring produced sexually & asexually in terms of their genetic material? Parents & offspring in the species have different acquired traits

38. 35. What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

39. 36. What provides the genetic material for all living things? DNA

40. 37. How do complex, multicellular organisms arise from a single fertilized cell? Cells differentiate as they divide becoming specific tissues and organs

41. 38. If two parents are heterozygous for dimples Dd, what will be the expected genotype & phenotype ratios? 25% DD, 50% Dd, 25% dd 75% dimples, 25% no dimples

42. 39. What will be the expected genotype & phenotype ratios for offspring with parents who are homozygous dominant & homozygous recessive for freckles? Freckles is dominant. 100% heterozygous (Ff)

43. 40. What are the genotype & phenotype ratios for this cross? 50% Bb 50% bb 50% black 50% brown

44. 41. How many chromosomes does cell 1 have in comparison to cell 2? Gametes have ½ number of chromosomes, therefore ½ amount of DNA

45. 42. What process stores energy in carbohydrate molecules? Photosynthesis

46. 43. What are the only forms of life on earth that have prokaryotic cells? Bacteria

47. 44. Which part of the DNA molecule causes variation among organisms of the same species?

48. 45. Arctic foxes are dominant for thick fur (T). Foxes can also be black (B) or white (b). During winter, what genotypes of foxes would survive? TTbb or Ttbb

49. 46. Why can this pedigree chart not be for a sex-linked trait? An affected male has an unaffected female offspring.

50. 47. Where does replication & transcription take place in this cell?