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Celtic Influence in Medieval England: Wars, Legends & Culture Diffusion

Explore the rich history of Celtic influence in Anglo-Saxon England during the Medieval period through wars, legends of Merlin and King Arthur, cultural diffusion, and the evolution of English language. Discover tales of Lady Godiva, Beowulf, Norman conquest, and Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, showcasing the blending of Celtic and Roman cultures in England.

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Celtic Influence in Medieval England: Wars, Legends & Culture Diffusion

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  1. Anglo-Saxon EnglandMedieval

  2. “Celts” • 500 B.C. give or take • Iron Age • Clans ruled with own culture • Warriors, Intellectuals (druids), commoners, slaves • Women warriors: Boudicca • Head hunting = head housed soul • Polytheistic = many gods • Pastoral and Warriors • Legends of Merlin / King Arthur • Oral Tradition • Great warriors • Decline due to arguing • Celts in England = Britons https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9G01vm9MVa4

  3. Where do we see evidence of Celtic culture in our culture?

  4. Roman Empire • 55 B.C. Julius Caesar invades and battles Celts / destroys Druid’s power • Mean Romans imposed heavy taxes but then met fierce opposition • Hadrian Wall – to keep northern invaders away • Roads, cities, culture, law, iron, protection, LATIN • Pagan and Catholicism merged from Roman Christian missionaries: St. Patrick • Cultural Diffusion • Left around 400 A.D. to defend Rome

  5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJZIBx1fpUU Germanic Invasion: 410 to 1066 AD Angles, Saxons, and Jutes • Celts forced to mountains • Rule was given to the leader who could win battles -- LOTS OF BLOOD • Religion: paganism; eventual Catholicism by Saint Augustine • Destruction of Roman influence • Cultural Diffusion • Declined from feuding; no leadership; Viking attacks • Tales of King Arthur and Knights of Round Table – possibly Roman soldier who defended Celts from Saxons

  6. Old English Literature = orally; elegiac EXETER BOOK • Many variations • Lines divided by Caesura (pause) • Alliteration • Kennings Ex. Hall-foe http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Wl-OZ3breE

  7. Lady Godiva • Lady Godiva rode naked through town of Coventry so her mean husband would lower the taxes of the towns; around 1057 • Poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson • Allusion

  8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKjcoFZmKuA Beowulf • First originated around 700 AD ?? • Went through years of oral tradition • Fact and Fiction • Written in England; setting is Scandinavian • Christianized • J.R.R. Tolkien wrote an essay that demanded critics take the poem seriously • 1st major work of English literature • Know the 3 stories! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CH-_GwoO4xI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGgsyKS_Tak

  9. 1066 to 1500 • Vikings or Normans conquer Normandy, France and adopt a French culture • 1066 William the Conqueror takes England at Battle of Hastings and becomes new King of England setting up Castles and Feudal System • French culture forced upon English “colony” • France = sophisticated and English = common • CULTURAL DIFFUSION: new religion, new language, new culture • 1204 Wars and disputes forced people to declare allegiance to France or England = national identity • Unity during Crusades for control of Holy Land

  10. Dark Ages: little written; for only the elite • Chivalric Adventure: knight is hero, courtly love, worship of woman, references to classic literature, adventures, dragons, war, magic, heroism • Heavy use of Alliteration: Shutt sells sardines to Sally. • Ballads (Robin Hood / King Arthur)

  11. Robin Hood https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hU2G7C4BJa4

  12. Sir Thomas Malory https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ca6BNtdT_-Y • Tales of King Arthur or Artorius Le Morte D’arthur • Chivalric Romance: Lancelot, Queen Guinevere, and King Arthur

  13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4E-0PaK4RtI Chaucer • Standardize the English vernacular • Farce and Irony • Chaucer—Shakespeare • Unfinished Canterbury Tales: Sir Thomas Beckett

  14. Canterbury Tales Characters http://english.fsu.edu/canterbury What is Chaucer’s Definition? Knight Skipper Squire Wife of Bath Yeoman Parson Prioress Plowman Monk Miller Friar Reeve Merchant Summoner Oxford Clerk Pardoner Man of Law Franklin

  15. Project: mimic Canterbury Tales Pick a “clique” at school. Create a character from that click. By yourself or with partner: Are you honoring or making fun of them? 12 line character sketch (6 couplets) (lots of alliteration / couplets)

  16. English language evolution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3r9bOkYW9s

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