The Science of Life

1. The Science of Life Unit 1 Mrs. Red’s Disclaimer: I believe we are all alivein here…not necessarily awakelol…and therefore, this course will have relevance to YOUR life…it’s probably more relevant than any other course you have taken!!! I don’t want to hear “why do I need to know this?!?” When you say that it makes me wonder…

2. Follow Along…Take Notes…Ask Questions!!!

3. Biology Important • bio- prefix that means “life” • -ology suffix that means “study of” Biology is the study of life! • B-R-O-A-D subject (covers a lot of topics) • Many different branches • Break down difficult words into Latin/Greek prefixes and suffixes

4. Branches of Biology • Anatomy: • Study of where body parts are located

5. More Branches of Bio • Physiology: • Study of how our body parts function • Zoology: • Study of animals • Ecology: • Study of the relationship between living organisms and their environment

6. Even More Branches of Bio!!! • Paleontology: • Study of extinct organisms through fossil record • Microbiology: • Study of small living organisms • Genetics: • Study of heredity

7. Not even close but I’ll stop here!!! • Botany: • Study of plants • Histology: • Study of tissue

8. Dates and Times • Life formed on Earth > 3.5 billion years ago (BYA) • >5 million known and identified species of different organisms • But…there is > 13 million TOTAL!!! • 8 million?? • oceans & rainforest

9. Dates and Times • 5 million known are very diverse (different) Needs Different Cell structures Body Systems Biomes

10. 5 Unifying Themes of Science • Systems • A set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole Ecosystem Computer Cell

11. Education

12. 5 Unifying Themes of Science • Models • Representation of something

13. 5 Unifying Themes of Science • Patterns • A theme of reoccurring events or objects

14. 5 Unifying Themes of Science • Scale • the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it

15. 5 Unifying Themes of Science • Change • the result of alteration or modification

16. What Theme(s) does the following graph exhibit? Dependent Variable Independent Variable

17. Pattern=trend of growth • Model=of the results and the growth • Scale=shows the results in the graph to a certain scale • Change=in growth (height)

18. BIG Ideas in Biology 1. Organisms share common characteristics of life

19. BIG Ideas in Biology 2. Life emerges due to the chemical organization of matter into cells

20. BIG Ideas in Biology 3. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all organisms.

21. All living organisms are made up of cells and develop from other like cells

22. BIG Ideas in Biology • Structure is related to function at all biological levels of organization

23. BIG Ideas in Biology 4. Through a variety of mechanisms organisms seek to maintain a biological balance between their internal and external environments

24. Homeostasis= homeo-/homo- =same -stasis=stay • Expend energy to maintain internal conditions • Ex: If we all ran 5 miles on the track right now… • Body temp= 37oC or 98.6oF • Heart Rate

25. BIG Ideas in Biology 5. Eukaryotic cells can differentiate (become specialized …aka have a “job”) and organize making it possible for multicellularity What did these cells differentiate into?

27. BIG Ideas in Biology 6. Organisms obtain and use energy to carry out their life processes

28. BIG Ideas in Biology 7. New cells arise from the division of pre-existing cells

30. BIG Ideas in Biology 8. Hereditary information in genes is transmitted across generations via DNA.

31. Heredity=passing of genetic information from parent to offspring (hint…what do you have in common genetically with your parents?)

32. Trait • Gene=unit of heredity made up of a specific sequence of DNA that makes a protein that gives us our traits Protein

33. All organisms produce offspring like themselves (reproduction)

34. BIG Ideas in Biology 9. DNA segments contain information for the production of proteins necessary for growth and function in cells

35. Trait ****REMEMBER HOW HEREDITY WORKS!!!**** Protein

36. BIG Ideas in Biology 10. Evolution is the result of many random processes selecting for the survival and reproduction of a population

37. THEORY

38. Evolution=How we came into existence • How we related to those in the past • Driving force of evolution = natural selection

39. Natural Selection • Theory that organisms with certain favorable traits are better able to successfully survive and thus pass these favorable traits onto their offspring when they reproduce • Example: White hares and Brown hares live in the arctic. White hare population is much higher…

40. Natural Selection

41. Evolution Example…

42. BIG Ideas in Biology 11. Organisms on Earth interact and depend in a variety of ways on other living and nonliving things in their environment = Ecology

43. Organism =an individual living thing (frog) Species = group of like organisms that can reproduce and produce a fertile offspring

44. Population = group of individuals of the same species living in one place

45. Communities = groups of many different populations living in one area

46. Ecosystem = all the different organisms and their physical environment both biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving like air and water) Water (aquatic) Land (terrestrial)

47. Biome- ecosystems with similar climate, biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors

48. Biosphere = is the region of our universe where organisms live (land, air and water) Animation

49. Let’s Learn Prefixes & Suffixes!!! • Learn them now…makes your life as a biologist easier…remember…think like a Bionerd…be a Bionerd…