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Histology of the Endocrine System

Histology of the Endocrine System. Dr. Ahmed Abdulhussein AL-Huchami. Endocrine system is the system that regulates the tissue activities by a secretory product (hormone) Hormones are chemicals that are released ( from an endocrine cell ) in a small amount ,

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Histology of the Endocrine System

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  1. Histology of the Endocrine System Dr. Ahmed Abdulhussein AL-Huchami

  2. Endocrine system is the system that regulates the tissue activities by a secretory product • (hormone) • Hormones are chemicals that are released ( from an endocrine cell ) in a small amount , • directly to the blood or tissue fluids. They usually act on special cells that are called Target • cells.

  3. Hormone delivery (receptors) Synapse (Neurosecretion) O'Riordan et al., 2nd ed, page 5

  4. Endocrine system • Pituitary (hypophysis) • Anterior pituitary • Posterior pituitary • Adrenal gland (suprarenal) • Adrenal cortex • Adrenal medulla • Thyroid gland • Follicles • Parafollicular cells • Parathyroid gland

  5. PITUITARY

  6. Regulation of the anterior pituitary Hedges, 1987

  7. Pituitary development Ross and Pawlina. Histology: Text and Atlas, 5th ed, 2006, fig 21.4, pg 690

  8. Pituitary nomenclature Pituitary nomenclature Gray’s Anatomy, wikimedia commons Please also see Ross and Pawlina. Histology: Text and Atlas, 5th ed, 2006, fig 21.3b, pg 689

  9. Pituitary, low power LM Humio Mizoguti, Kobe Univ Sch Med, slide 515

  10. Posterior pituitary, LM Axon cross sections? A.K. Christensen

  11. Pars intermedia, between anterior and posterior pituitary, human, LM. Poorly developed and of doubtful function in humans. Anterior Posterior Intermedia Humio Mizoguti, Kobe Univ Sch Med, slide 516

  12. A. Adenohypophysis – subdivided into: •  Pars distalis (Anterior lobe) •  Pars tuberalis ( Cranial part) •  Pars intermedia (Intermediate lobe) • B. Neurohypophysis – subdivided into: •  Pars nervosa (Posterior lobe) •  Stalk (Infundibulum) – composed of median eminence and stem.

  13. Pars distalis (Ant. Lobe): composed of two types of cells: • a) Chromophobes (50%) Their function is unknown, • b) Chromophils – subdivided into • i. Acidophils (40%) • ii. Basophils (10%)

  14. Anterior pituitary, LM, H&E stain Basophil Stan Erlandsen Medical Histology slide collection, slide MH-9B3

  15. Acidophils – • 1. Somatotrophs – (hormone (GH) secretion. • (childhood and adolescent leads to gigantism, • in adults, leads to acromegaly. • The reduction in GH in childhood leads to dwarfism. • 2. Mammotrophs • for prolactin secretion.

  16. Basophils – are subdivided into: • 1) Gonadotrophs – Follicular – stimulating hormone (FSH) – Leuteinizing hormone (LH) – • 2) Thyrotrophs (TSH) • 3) Corticotrophs – (ACTH • .

  17. Pars Intermedia: • In human, it is a rudimentary region secretion of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) • Pars Tuberalis: • It is a sleeve like that surround the infundibulum.. Most of them secret gonadotropins (FSH & LH).

  18. Pars nervosa (posterior lobe) • Oxytocin and vasopressin • are believed to be synthesized in the cell bodies and then transported through the axons to the • nerve terminals where they are released in response to hypothalamic nerve impulses

  19. Cells and hormones of the anterior pituitary A.K. Christensen

  20. THANK YOU

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