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Existing magnetometers

Explore the latest developments in magnetometry at Kiruna, such as scalar and pulsation magnetometers, combining measurements, and addressing baseline calibration challenges. Discover how these advancements contribute to space weather monitoring and aurora forecasting. Benefit from a range of data integration methods and ongoing quality improvements in magnetic field measurements.

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Existing magnetometers

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  1. (3) Total field (every 4 sec): Proton magnetometer = scalar value (Kiruna) # in operation (old one) # spair (new one) (4) Higher frequency than 1 Hz: Pulsation magnetometer (Kiruna) # 3 sensors (XYZ) in oparation # no spair (5) Newly installed (Hässleholm, 2016) # variometer (no spair) (1) Vector field (every 1 sec): Flux gate variometer (Kiruna) # Primary # Secondary (backup) Existing magnetometers (2) Absolute measurement (weekly): DI flux magnetometer (Kiruna) # in operation # spair • Specialty of Kiruna: • near the iron mining • can combine with other measurements • - auroral image • - riometer • - ionosonde (new dynasode from 2017!)

  2. Aiming to INTERMAGNET quality * quality control of absolute measurements with new staff (2012~) * application to INTERMAGNET: 2016 * quality improvement of data processing: 2016~ * INTERMAGNET meeting (september 2017): pending reason : two problems with baseline (variometer is ok) * INTERMAGNET will examine 2017 data if quality became Recent developments (measurement) Baseline problems pointed out by INTERMAGNET: (a) All components need a smoother fit than a linear interpolation between measured observations  fixed (b) ∆X and ∆Y in baseline jumps are not consistent with ∆Z  we made orthogonality check (calibration) in Finnland, and found X and Y are not completely orthogonal. We are currently working on implementing the calibration result.

  3. Compass declination: 5°  0° in 20 years Why baseline measurement? 11200 nT northward (BX) 10600 nT 0 nT eastward (By) By  0 -1400 nT 1980 1990 2000 2010 52000 nT vertical downward (BZ) 50600 nT

  4. (1) Unique nowcast ability: combining with auroral image all-sky image  take meridian part  make keogram  combine (concept: aurora = optical energy + electric current energy) Recent developments (web-presentation) auroral keogram aurora ? www2.irf.se/mag/ northward component (BX) eastward component (By) vertical downward component (BZ)

  5. aurora keogram aurora! northward component (BX) processed page eastward component (By) vertical downward component (BZ)

  6. (2) Estimate GIC (Ground Induction Current) from ∆B for spaceweather B  dB/dt or sd(B)  proxy for GIC (concept: failure of transformer (and power grid) is by GIC but not |∆B|) Recent developments (preparing for web) BX sd(BX) SD: minute values of SD are obtained from 11 min window data

  7. (3) Toward easier format to extract "strong aurora" for non-specialist all-sky image  change RGB to HSL color code  virtual photometer (concept: non-specialist understand time series by only line-plot) Recent developments (preparing for web) (4) And combine with magnetometer data or GIC proxy Application: (1) relation between aurora activity and dB/dt or sd(B) (2) warning (e.g., spaceweather, collaboration, tourism)

  8. probability of strong aurora example: long-term change

  9. (5) Combine pulsation data for calculation of GIC proxy pulsation data  ?????  combine B-based proxy (concept: best use our unique capability) Future plan (for web-nowcast) (6) dynamic link to all-sky data image of the timing of big activity clicking keogram  all-sky image of that timing should pop-up (concept: non-specialist want to see image when prognosis is big aurora (7) Combine with Lund forecast page format TBD (concept: one can see the expected accuracy of "forecast")

  10. * adding to much data makes web-site difficult to digest for non-specialist should we prepare one more web-page for detailed information? Future discussion (for web-nowcast) (8) Combine ionospheric data (line-plot forms)?data for calculation of GIC e.g., density (ionosonde), temperature (EISCAT) (concept: best use our unique capability) (9) Combine with line-plot form of atmospheric data * Radar data * etc (concept: spaceweather effect on neutrals is newly emerging field)

  11. Satellite projects relevant to STP/PAF

  12. Cluster • Odin • (Reimei: ended but data will be used) • Arase • SOHO/Hinode In-orbit

  13. MATS • SMILE • L3 / D3S (ESA is paying for instrument!) Selected

  14. FF-MIT / I3Sat • ESCAPE / ALFVEN Proposals

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