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It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin in the laboratory, and the same has occasionally happened in the body. Alexander Fleming, 1945 Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech. AQUACULTURE. Seas & lakes. Swim. Epidemiology of AMR. Drinking water. Irrigation water. Drinking water.
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It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin in the laboratory, and the same has occasionally happened in the body. Alexander Fleming, 1945Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech The End of Modern Medicine?
AQUACULTURE Seas &lakes Swim Epidemiologyof AMR Drinkingwater Irrigation water Drinkingwater Rivers &streams Antibiotics Farm effluents &manure spreading Soil Sewage Vegetables, seedcrops, fruits &vegetables WILDLIFE Rendering Dead stock Offal Industrial &householdantimicrobialchemicals FOOD ANIMALS Swine Animalfeeds HUMANS Hospital Care facilities Cattle Sheep Commercialabattoirs &processingplants Antibiotics Handling,preparation,consumption Meat &fish Urban areas Rural areas Poultry Others COMPANIONANIMALS Food processingantimicrobials Direct contact Antimicrobial resistance Diagram based on Linton (1977), as adapted by Rebecca Irwin, Health Canada (Prescott 2000) and IFT
Europe – cost of AMR€1.5bn and 600m lost days of productivity per year Economic costs Russia83% of families use unnecessary antibiotics at home UK – cost of AMR£10bn/yr societal costs plus£20k per patient episode USA – cost of AMRHealthcare costs alone $21-34bn/yr Japan and AntarcticaResistant bacteria found in water samples Antimicrobial resistance Map and statistics from World Economic Forum “Global Risks 2013” except UK statistics, which are based on work published by Richard Smith of LSHTM
THE GLOBAL PICTURE Antimicrobial resistance
Can we make a difference? Antimicrobial resistance
Public information and education http://bit.ly/CMObook http://bit.ly/CMOatTEDx Antimicrobial resistance