Imperialism in Southeast Asia

1. Imperialism in Southeast Asia Chapter 11, Section 5

2. Setting the Stage • Countries rushed to invade Southeast Asia, part of the Pacific Rim • Western nations desired this land because: • Location along sea route to China • Resources (tropical agriculture, minerals and oil)

3. European Powers Invadethe Pacific Rim (pg. 363, Map) • Early 1800s – Dutch East India Company established control over 3,000 miles long • British established major trading port at Singapore • French took over Indochina • Germans claimed Marshall Islands, parts of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands

4. Why were these lands so attractive?

5. Dutch Expand Control • 1602 – Dutch East India Trading Company was chartered • Seized Malacca from Portuguese • Took control of Java from British and Javanese • Gradually took control of Sumatra, part of Borneo, Celebes, Moluccas and Bali

6. Dutch Expand Control(continued) • Large Dutch population move to Southeast Asia to manage plantations • Created a rigid social system: • Dutch • Wealthy and Educated Indonesians • Plantation Workers • Dutch farmers were forced to plant 1/5th of their land in specified export crops

7. How were the Dutch East India Trading Company and the British East India Trading Company similar?

8. British Take the Malayan Peninsula • British take Malayan Peninsula to compete with Dutch in trading • Opening of Suez Canal (1869) and increased demand for tin and rubber made Singapore one world’s busiest ports • British gained colonies in Malaysia and Burma

9. British Take the Malayan Peninsula(continued) • Malaysia had large deposits of tin and became leading exporter of rubber • Britain encouraged Chinese to immigrate to Malaysia because they needed workers in tin mines and to tap rubber trees • Malays became minority population

10. French Control Indochina(pg. 363, Map) • French active in Southeast Asia since 17th century • 1840s – 7 French missionaries are killed • Church leaders demand military intervention • Napoleon III invaded Vietnam • Later added Laos, Cambodia, and Northern Vietnam (French Indochina)

11. French Control Indochina(continued) • Used direct colonial management: • French filled important government positions • Did not encourage local industry • Rice production increased but consumption decreased

12. Colonial Impact POSITIVES NEGATIVES Education, health and sanitation did not improve Melting pot of cultures leading to racial and religious clashes. • Economies grew based on cash crops • Roads, harbors and railways improved communication & transportation (mostly benefited Europeans)

13. Pg. 363, MapAnswer Questions 1 & 2

14. Siam Remains Independentpg. 363-364 How did Siam’s geographic location influence its political decisions? What values motivated King Mongkut and King Chulalongkorn? How did the reforms of the Siamese kings help Siam remain independent?

15. U. S. Imperialism in the Pacific Islands • 2 groups of Americans in support of imperialism • U.S. empire builders - destined to be a world power • Business interests – new markets and trade possibilities

16. The Philippines Change Handspg. 364 Did President McKinley support or oppose imperialism? How do you know? What does the United States promise the Philippine people? Who is Emilio Aguinaldo? What did he claim? What were the positive and negative effects of U.S. colonization of the Philippines?

17. Hawaii Becomes a Republic • U.S. interest in Hawaii began around 1790s • Hawaii was on the route to China and East India • 1820s – Highly successful American sugar cane plantations • 75% of Hawaii’s wealth came from American sugar cane plantations • American sugar cane planters gained political power

18. Hawaii Becomes a Republic(continued) • 1890 – McKinley Tariff Act • Eliminated tariffs on all sugar entering the U.S. • Sugar from Hawaii was no longer cheaper • U.S. business leaders pushed for annexation of Hawaii • Sugar could be sold for a greater profit • American producers received an extra 2 cents per pound from U. S. Government

19. Queen Liliuokalani • Hawaii’s only queen and last monarch • 1893 – called for a constitution that would restore Hawaiian political power • American businessmen overthrew Hawaiian government and removed her from power

20. Sanford B. Dole • Wealthy plantation owner and politician • 1894 – names president of Republic of Hawaii • 1898 – Republic of Hawaii annexed by U.S.

21. Conclusion Period of imperialism was a time of great power and domination by others End of 19th Century - all the lands of the world were claimed 20th Century – battles for competing claims would become the focus