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Microbes: Exploring the Invisible World

Dive into the fascinating world of microbes - tiny organisms that are everywhere around us, playing crucial roles in our lives. Learn about their structures, functions, and the importance of microbes for life on Earth.

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Microbes: Exploring the Invisible World

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  1. MICROBESByDR. K. JAYACHANDRAN

  2. Microbes • Are invisible to the naked eye, you need a powerful microscope to see them. • Are everywhere around us, inside us, on us, in our food, in our homes, in the air we breathe and the water we wash in. • Are mostly useful, but some are harmful • Have been around for 3.8 bn years. • Are vital for life on Earth.

  3. Prokaryotic Cells

  4. Domain Bacteria: Cell Morphology • There are three basic categories of bacteria based on shape: • Cocci (round bacteria) • Bacilli (rod-shaped bacteria) • Curved and spiral-shaped bacteria

  5. Domain Bacteria: Cell Morphology • Cocci may be seen singly or in pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), packets of 4 (tetrads), or packets of 8 (octads). • Medically relevant: Enterococcus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus

  6. Plasma Membrane Fluid mosaic model: Working model of the membrane Protein molecules bobbing in phospholipid sea Proteins determine membrane’s specific functions

  7. Structure of the Cell Membrane Phospholipids Most abundant lipid Polar/hydrophilic head(attracted to water) Pair of nonpolar/hydrophobic tails(repelled by water)

  8. Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough and Smooth ER

  9. Ribosomes

  10. Mitochondria

  11. Golgi Complex

  12. Reproduction J. Pitocchelli E. Hettema To generate progeny of ones same type A bacterium duplicates its DNA and forms a daughter cell via binary fission Yeast duplicates its DNA and forms a daughter cell via budding, or mates with another yeast cell and produces haploid progeny.

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