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Monday, Aug. 29 Please copy and answer the questions on a sheet of paper.

Monday, Aug. 29 Please copy and answer the questions on a sheet of paper. What is the difference between an element and a compound ? What is the difference between an atom and a molecule ? What is the difference between a proton, a neutron, and an electron ? Compare H 2 O and H 2 O 2 ?.

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Monday, Aug. 29 Please copy and answer the questions on a sheet of paper.

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  1. Monday, Aug. 29Please copy and answer the questions on a sheet of paper. • What is the difference between an element and a compound? • What is the difference between an atom and a molecule? • What is the difference between a proton, a neutron, and an electron? • Compare H2O and H2O2?

  2. Elements • Pure substances • Can’t be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter • Fewer than 30 elements are essential to life processes

  3. Can you guess the top 6 elements that make up over 90% of your body mass? • CARBON (C) • HYDROGEN (H) • OXYGEN (O) • NITROGEN (N) • PHOSPHORUS (P) • SULFUR (S) CHOPNS!!!

  4. Compounds • Elements are social – they typically like to bond with other elements…more on that later. • A compound is the result of bonding. Example: H + H + O  H2O gas gas liquid! • Proportions of each kind of atom are fixed.

  5. Exit Slip Here is the chemical formula for glucose: C6H12O6 • How many different elements make up glucose? • Name them. • How many atoms of Nitrogen are in glucose?

  6. Caffeine: C8H10N4O2 • Is caffeine an ELEMENT or a COMPOUND? • How many different “ingredients” make up caffeine? • How many ATOMS are in one molecule of caffeine?

  7. Atom vs Molecule

  8. WRITE THIS DOWN! ATOM MOLECULE Simplest particle of a compound Smallest one is 2 atoms big (H2), largest one is ? The answer varies. Held together by BONDS. (more later!) Made up of atoms • Simplest particle of an element • Properties of different kinds of atoms determine the structure and properties of the matter they compose • Cannot be directly observed • Made up of subatomic particles

  9. Proton, Neutron, Electron = SUBATOMIC PARTICLES • Proton = positive charge, large, found in nucleus • Neutron = no charge (neutral), large, found in nucleus • Electron = negative charge, very small, found whizzing about the nucleus in a cloud

  10. What forces hold an atom together? • Electrical force • “strong force”

  11. How many … in an atom of ….? • Atomic number = number of protons AND the number of electrons Why? • Atomic Mass = number of neutrons + protons

  12. Practice… 11 Na 23 An atom of sodium would have _________ protons _________ electrons _________ neutrons

  13. Numbers matter • If the number of protons changes….you have a different element! • If the number of electrons changes…you have an ION! Ions conduct electricity… • If the number of neutrons changes…you have an ISOTOPE! And that isotope could be RADIOACTIVE!!!

  14. H2O vs H2O2 Similarities: • Both are chemical formulas • Both are molecules • They both contain hydrogen and oxygen Differences: • H2O = water, 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen • H2O2 = hydrogen peroxide, 2 hydrogens and 2 oxygens

  15. So what?

  16. Exit Slip: Minkonium 76 Mk 2011 • What is the element symbol? • # of protons? • # of electrons? • # of neutrons?

  17. So…bonding… • The result of chemical reactions… • Atom attachments • Covalent bonds vs Ionic Bonds • Covalent bonds = share electrons • Ionic Bonds = one gains electrons, the other loses electrons…

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