Computer Science Project

1. Computer ScienceProject Presented by: Communication and Network concepts Poorvaja Jincy Abhishek

2. Contents • Transmission media • twisted pair cable • coaxial cables • optical fibers • Microwave • Radio wave • Satellite • Data communication terminologies.

3. Transmission Media • Transmission media is also known as communication channels. • They are the cables that connect two or mare workstations. • Two categories: 1.guided media-include cables. 2.unguided media-include waves through air, water or vacuum.

4. Twisted pair cable • Common form of wiring in data communication application. • Voice grade medium(VGM)-basis for telephone wiring. • Consists of two identical wires wrapped together in a double helix. • Twisting of wires reduces crosstalk

5. Types • Unshielded twisted pair cable(UTP) Shielded twisted pair cable(STP)

7. Disadvantages • Incapable of carrying signal over long distances due to high attenuation. • Low bandwidth capabilities-unsuitable for broadband applications. • max. data rates = 1 Mbps- without conditioning 10 Mbps with conditioning

8. Coaxial Cables • Consists of a solid wire core surrounded by one or more foil or wire shields, each separated by a insulator. • Inner core- carries signal • Shield –provides the ground • Suitable for high speed communication & widely used for TV signals. • Types • Thicknet-can be upto 500 meters long. They are thicker than thinnet • Thinnet-using this cable max. distance of 185 meters can be joined.

9. Advantages • Can be used as the basis for a shared cable network. • Can be used for broadband transmission. • Offer higher bandwidths- upto 400 MBPS. Disadvantage • Expensive. • Not compatible with twisted pair cable.

10. Optical fibers • Consists of thin strands of glass or glass like material. • Light source –LEDs or laser diodes(LDs). • Bandwidth is very high. • Fiber cable consists of three pieces: • core • Cladding • Protective coating • Types • Single node • Multi node

11. Advantages • Immune to electrical and magnetic interference. • Highly suitable for harsh industrial environments. • Guarantees secure transmission and high transmission capacity. • Can be used for broadband transmission where several channels are handled in parallel.

12. Disadvantages • Installation problem- very fragile • Connection looses are common problems. • Cables are more difficult to solder. • Light can reach the receiver out of phase. • Virtually impossible to tap due to noise immunity. • Most expensive.

13. Comparison Table

14. Guided media The different types of guided media are : Microwave Radio wave Satellite The different types of other unguided media are : Infrared Laser

15. Micro waveadvantages

16. Microwave disadvantages

17. Radio wave

18. Satellitesadvantages

19. Satellite disadvantages

20. other unguided media Infrared It uses infrared lights Used in everyday life like remotes, automotive garage doors and wireless speaker Common in pda’s Laser It is a line of sight transmission Point to point transmission It can be adversely affected by weather

21. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS TO BE KNOWN • A channel is the medium which is used to carry information or data from one point to another. DATA CHANNEL • It is the unit of measurement for the • Info. Carrying capacity of a communication channel • This baud is synonymous with BPS another unit • Of measuring data transfer rates. BAUD • It refers to the speed at which data transfer is measured. It is generally used to measure the speed of information through a high speed phone lines or modems. BITS PER SECOND

22. Acknowledgement First and foremost, we would like to thank Kiran madam for having given us the opportunity for expressing our ideas through this project. We would also like to thank our friends for their creative ideas without which this would have been incomplete, last but not the least, we would like to thank everyone who directly or indirectly supported us.