THE RENAISSANCE

1. THE RENAISSANCE “PERIOD OF GREAT CHANGES” • Itwascaracterizedbyvoyagesofdiscovery and the breaking down of the cristianchurchintoprotestant and catholic • Humanistthoughttriumphedovermedievalscholasticism • England wasinfuencedbymotherneuropenhumanism • Thisnewlearningwas spread byerasmusofrotterdam and hisdisciplesthomas more and jhoncalet • Humanisteducatorswishedtomaketheirstudent’s literate in latin and greek

2. Grammarschoolwere set go to educate boys in towns • The population and the price offoodincreased in 16 thcentryengland • Therewasmobilitywhetherbecauseofpoverty or religiouspersecution • The merchantfleet and navyexpandedtradebeyondnothernEuropeacross the atlantictospanishdominious

3. THE TUDOR DINASTY

4. Henry vi

5. HENRY VII • Hedefeated the last yorkist Richard III in the WAR OF ROSES and becameking in 1485 • Beforehearrivedthere in the OBSCURE AGE and hedidreturnto England in modern state • Heencouraged TREATY WITH FRANCE hefounded the navalpower • England exstendedmilitarypower,hissheepswereimportantfor the trasport and notfor the war

6. HENRY VIII

7. henry viii • Hewas the second son of Henry VII • Wascalled “GOLDEN PRINCE” • Hewasinteresting in culture and hegranted the titleof “ defenderof the faith” by the poe in latin • Hemarried Catherine Aragone and hehad a doughter MARY I • Hehadsixwives,hehad a son EDWAR VI • He mode protestandocrite, hebuiltschoolrepleaced .the old latin with the book of common players • He wanted divorcebuthedidn’t do itfor the catholicreligion,hecreated a protestanreligion • Irelandremained a catholiccountrybeginirishquestion. • Hemarriedwith Anna boleyn and hehad Elizabeth and murder Anna

8. Edward VI

9. Edward vi • Henry VIII died in 1547, secure in the knowledge that he had left behind the male heir to the throne that he had longed for. • Unfortunately, the boy was young, not even 10 years old, when he became king. • Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. • Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England's first monarch raised as a Protestant. • Edward's reign was marked by economic problems and social unrest that, in 1549, erupted into riot and rebellion. • In February 1553, at age 15, Edward fell ill. • When his sickness was discovered to be terminal, he and his Council drew up a "Devise for the Succession", attempting to prevent the country being returned to Catholicism. • Edward named his cousin Lady Jane Grey as his heir and excluded his half-sisters,

10. Mary i

11. Mary i • Mary Tudor was the only child born to Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon . • Had she been born a boy, it is likely that the whole of English history would have been different (but probably less interesting!). • Mary I was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death. • Mary I earned the nickname "bloody Mary" because of the number of protestants that were burned for heresy during her reign • Mary is remembered for her restoration of Roman Catholicism after the short-lived Protestant reign of her half-brother. • Her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed after her death in 1558 by her younger half-sister and successor, Elizabeth I. • Mary wished to marry and have children, thus leaving a Catholic heir to consolidate her religious reforms, and removing her half-sister Elizabeth from direct succession. • Mary's decision to marry Philip, King of Spain from 1556, in 1554 was very unpopular.

12. ELIZABETH I

13. Elizabeth i • Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. • Elizabeth succeeded to the throne on her half-sister's death in November 1558. She was very well-educated (fluent in six languages), and had inherited intelligence, determination and shrewdness from both parents. • Her 45-year reign is generally considered one of the most glorious in English history. • Elizabeth chose never to marry. • However, the 'Virgin Queen' was presented as a selfless woman who sacrificed personal happiness for the good of the nation, to which she was, in essence, 'married'. • She died at Richmond Palace on 24 March 1603,

14. William Shakespeare

15. LIFE • William shakesparewasborn at stratford on avon in april,which in alsosaidtobe the date ofhisdeath • Hisfatherwas a successfultradesmanuntilhemetfinancialdifficulties • Hemarried Anne Hathawaywhenhewasonlyeighteen and shewastwenty-six and pregnantwiththeirdaughter • In 1584 heleftstratford and wenttoLondon.Itwas at thattimethathe first experienced the playhouse • In 1593 the London theatreswereclosedbecauseof the plague and shakespeareneededsupportof a youngnobleman,the Eearlof Southampton

16. When the theatresreopenedShakspearebecame a shareholder and the mainplaywrightof the mostsuccessful company ofactors in London. • Between 1590 and 1596 hemainlywrotehistoricaldramas • Between 1593 and 1600 he put onto the stage ten comedies • The greattragedieswerewrittenbetween 1595 and 1605 • Hediedwhenhewas 52 yearsold and wasburied in the localchurch

17. The themes and the adresses • The sonnetsbyShakspeare can be divide in twosections. • The first isadressedto a “FAIR YOUTH”probablyShakepareyoungpatron • In the first part of the sonnets the poetencourages the young man tomarry and preservehisvitues and beauty throughhischildren • In the second,the poetspeakabout the destructivepoweroftime and moralweakness • The secondsectionisadressedto a “DARK LADY”whothoughphysicallyunattractive,isirresistiblydesirable • Hebrokewithpetrachiantradition, in factcourtly love sonnetwasaddressedto the fair youth and unconventionalsonnetswasaddressedto the dark lady

18. STYLE • The style of the sonnetsischaracterizedby a rich and vividdescriptivelanguage • The poetlikesto put “ a grandlylatinateadjectivewithanAnglo-Saxonnoun” • The poetplayswithantonyms and homonyms and employs the ‘couplet tie’ • The couplet tieis the thematicallyimportant word whichisrepeated in the couplet fromone more of the first twelvelinesof a sonnet • Forexemple : in sonnet CXXI the couplet is “evil”,the anagramof “vile”

19. Shall i compare thee In this poem , the poet want to keep alive the memory of this man , dedicating to him this poem which is never called by name. In fact in the couplet the poet writes that until when people will read this poem this memory will be for ever In the first lines the poet askes himself if this person can be comparated to a summer’s day but he writes that is isn’t true because isn’t fantastic but it has any defects In the final cuplet(“rhyming couplet” ) the poet says that thanks to this poet the andesses will be remember for ever

20. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? A Thou art more lovely and more temperate: B Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, A And summer's lease hath all too short a date; (lines 1-4) B Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, C And often is his gold complexion dimmed; D And every fair from fair sometime declines, C By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed. (5-8) D The speaker begins by comparing the man’s beauty to summer, but soon the man becomes a force of nature himself. In the line, “thy eternal summer shall not fade,” the man suddenly embodies summer. As a perfect being, he becomes more powerful than the summer’s day to which he was being compared.

21. The poet’s love is so powerful that even death is unable to curtail it. The speaker’s love lives on for future generations to admire through the power of the written word – through the sonnet itself. The final couplet explains that the beloved’s “eternal summer” will continue as long as there are people alive to read this sonnet: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to. thee Buy thy eternal summer shall not fade, E Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;F Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,E When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: (9-12)F So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,G So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. (13-4)G

22. comment The poet asks if you can compare your friend to a summer's day, but realizes that this is his most amiable sweetness lasts most of the summer itself, since summer day is found to be deficient in many respects after a short time dies with the fall. Every beauty is destined to disappear and die, or the fate or to the natural cycle, but his friend likened to an eternal summer will not disappear or lose its beauty nor will wander in the 'shadow of death, magpies poetry, immortal, the donate life as long as men can breathe or eyes can see, until this sonnet lives and this gives life to thee

23. Mymistress’eyes Shakespeare expresses the reality that one's breath isn't always perfect and one doesn't always look spectacular. Over time the attraction that brings people too closer can wane. In fact, physical attraction isn't constant nor stable. For this reason, a couple need much more to remain together. Though the sonnet may appear to be negative, it has positive words towards the end. It clarifies that although reality can be quite different from our dreams and desires, or that relationships have their ups and downs, he knows that his love for his mistress is intense. He describes it as rare and makes it clear that he doesn't need to make false comparisons about her to know that in his heart he has tremendous love for her. Some men may utter false words, but he doesn't need to because he accepts her as she is and is truly in love with her. In Shakespeare's "My Mistress' Eyes are nothing like the Sun", he explains that he can't make false comparisons about his mistress. He's been with her a long time and knows her well. Though her eyes are nothing like the sun, it is of no consequence because he knows that his love for her is rare. He prefers to show his love for her through his actions rather than through false words.

24. My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; ACoral is far more red than her lips' red: B If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; AIf hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. B I have seen roses damask'd, red and white,CBut no such roses see I in her cheeks; DAnd in some perfumes is there more delight C Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. D I love to hear her speak, yet well I know E That music hath a far more pleasing sound. F I grant I never saw a goddess go: E My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground. F And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare G As any she belied with false compare. G In this sonnet Shakespeare compares his mistress' eyes to the sun. He makes the case that her eyes are very different from the sun. Though the sun is beautiful and glowing, it has little in common with his mistress' eyes. Though they may be beautiful, reality is that they can't be compared to the sun. Likewise, other parts of nature are very different from parts of his mistress. For example, coral has a very different shade of red from his mistress' lips and no roses are present in his mistress' cheeks. This differs from the words of some men who claim that their women have the light of the sun in their eyes, coral lips and rosy cheeks. Shakespeare expresses that though men might make these comparisons, they aren't accurate, at least not when he gazes upon his mistress. When he speaks of perfume, he notes that at times her breath reeks. Many perfumes have a sweeter fragrance. The final couplet is more complicated to be analyzed: with these two verses the author probably meant that in spite of the woman he loved was not very nice, she was still an original and rare beauty in the eyes of the beloved, and how rare are the times where their beloved spoke ill of others