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The Scramble for Africa

The Scramble for Africa. The Colonial History of Africa. What is the Scramble. Time of intense European colonization of Africa Especially Sub-Saharan Africa Early 1870’s to right before the Great War (WWI, 1911). Africa Before The Scramble.

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The Scramble for Africa

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  1. The Scramble for Africa The Colonial History of Africa

  2. What is the Scramble • Time of intense European colonization of Africa • Especially Sub-Saharan Africa • Early 1870’s to right before the Great War (WWI, 1911)

  3. Africa Before The Scramble -European settlements limited to coastal trade posts -No reason to explore Africa -Very limited African civilization -Most large settlements are Islamic states (Caliphates)

  4. Many added reasons Economic Overproduction Need for raw materials Humanitarian David Livingstone Political Continental Competition It was easier than theretofore Diseases Medical advances for malaria and yellow fever Technological advancements Steam navigation Railroads Telegraph What lead to the Scramble

  5. Economic Factors • Britain: world’s first post-industrial nation • European markets: shrinking and increasingly protectionist • Africa • Cheap labor; abundant raw materials; limited competition • Raw materials not available in Europe • Rubber • Tin • Cotton • Tea • Copper

  6. Humanitarian Factors • Goal of “civilizing” Africa • David Livingstone • Scottish explorer/missionary (mid 19th-century) • Witnessed injustices of slave trade • Wanted to spread Christianity in Africa • Death spurred European interest of Africa

  7. Political Factors • Competition among European states • Namely: Britain, France, Germany • Berlin Conference (1884-1885) • Formalized the scramble • Regulated it to prevent wars between colonizing powers

  8. Important People and settlements • King Leopold II of Belgium • Congo Free State • Henry Morton Stanley • Cecil Rhodes

  9. King Leopold II • King of Belgium • Favored Colonialism • Government did not support him • Pursued colonialism as a private citizen • Hired Henry Morton Stanley to explore the Congo • Had ruling status over Congo Free state

  10. Between 5 and 15 million natives of Congo died as a result of Leopold’s Colonialism Book Reference Atrocities of Leopold II

  11. Henry Morton Stanley • Anglo-American Explorer • Responsible for the development of the lower Congo in the name of King Leopold II • Found David Livingstone before his death

  12. Cecil Rhodes • British Nationalist, politician, and businessman • Dreamed of “Painting the map red” • Partner in De Beers Mining Co. • Founded Rhodesia in present day Zimbabwe • Lobbied for the Cape-to-Cairo Railroad • Prime Minister of Cape Colony during Boer War (1895)

  13. Accomplishments (1885-1914) • England: took 30% of the African Population under its control • France 15% • Germany 9% • Belgium 7% • Italy 1% • Europe added 9 million square miles, 20% of earth’s landmass to its empires

  14. Impact of Colonialism • YoutubeColonialism: Sins of Europe in • Scramble for Africa • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu6-TLC0NRQ&NR=1 • Warning….some scenes are disturbing.

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