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Opening the Gravitational Wave Window

Opening the Gravitational Wave Window. Gabriela Gonz ález Louisiana State University LSC spokesperson For the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration. Virgo detector, Cascina , Italy. LIGO Hanford Observatory Washington, USA. LIGO Livingston Observatory, Louisiana, USA.

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Opening the Gravitational Wave Window

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  1. Opening the Gravitational Wave Window Gabriela González Louisiana State University LSC spokesperson For the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration Virgo detector, Cascina, Italy LIGO Hanford ObservatoryWashington, USA LIGO Livingston Observatory,Louisiana, USA

  2. Gravitational waves Gravitational waves are quadrupolar distortions of distances between freely falling masses. They are produced by time-varying mass quadrupoles.

  3. The GW Detector Network 2005-2010 LIGO Hanford GEO600 Virgo LIGO Livingston 3

  4. LIGO Scientific Collaboration • 900+ members, 86+ institutions, 17 countries https://www.zeemaps.com/map?group=245330 roster.ligo.org

  5. LIGO Detectors 2009-10 (S6) Strain (1/√Hz)

  6. Crab pulsar (NASA, Chandra Observatory) LIGO Detectors 2009-10 (S6) Strain (1/√Hz) ? NASA, WMAP Find all LSC results and publications in www.ligo.org - science tab

  7. LIGO-Virgo detectors 2005-2011 atlasoftheuniverse.com

  8. Some interesting results 2005-2011 Astrophys. J. 681 (2008) 1419 atlasoftheuniverse.com GRB070201 GW100916 Phys. Rev D85 (2012) 082002

  9. Sept 16, 2010: “Big Dog event” False alarm rate ~1/7000 yrs! Phys. Rev D85 (2012) 082002 You can get (and listen to!) the detector data and other details: http://ligo.org/science/GW100916/ http://ligo.org/news/blind-injection.php

  10. Some other LVC Results 2005-2011 Quantum-enhanced sensitivity! Upper limit on GW stochastic background Upper limits on GW emissions from Crab and Vela pulsars Nature 460 (2009) 990 Upper limit on GW energy emitted by generic sources at 10 kpc (X-ray: NASA/CXC/Univ of Toronto/M.Durant et al; Optical: DSS/Davide De Martin) NASA/CXC/ASU/J Hester et al. (Chandra); NASA/HST/ASU/J Hester et al. (Hubble) Phys. Rev. D 81 (2010) 102001 Astrophys. J. 737 (2011) 93 Astrophys. J. 722 (2010) 1504

  11. Advanced LIGO Now under construction: Advanced LIGO ~10 times better than initial LIGO , lower frequencies in band Installation in progress, going very well! Coincident “lock” in ~2014, science runs starting in 2015 with increasing sensitivity to follow.

  12. The GW Detector Network~2016 Advanced LIGO Hanford GEO600-hf Advanced Virgo Advanced LIGO Livingston 12

  13. Advanced LIGO In progress: Advanced LIGO Vacuum system– same as initial LIGO US NSF funding for Advanced LIGO: 2008-2015.

  14. Open up wider band Advanced LIGO construction (aLIGO) started 1Apr2008 Major technological differences between LIGO and Advanced LIGO 40kg Quadruple pendulum: Silica optics, welded to silica suspension fibers Initial Interferometers Active vibration isolation systems Reshape Noise Advanced Interferometers High power laser (180W) Advanced interferometry Signal recycling

  15. Advanced LIGO Initial vs Advanced LIGO Lasers become more powerful: 10W  200 W

  16. Advanced LIGO Initial vs Advanced LIGO Seismic isolation goes from passive to active.

  17. Advanced LIGO Initial vs Advanced LIGO 10 kg test masses on simple pendulums become 40 kg monolithic suspensions inquadruple pendulums, with better quality optics 40 kg silica test mass parallel reaction chain for control actuation

  18. More on Adv LIGO: LIGO magazine in www.ligo.org

  19. Advanced LIGO Detection Rates Neutron Star Binaries: Initial LIGO:Average BNS reach ~15 Mpc rate ~1/50yrs Advanced LIGO: ~ 200 Mpc “Realistic rate” ~ 40/year(but can be 0.4-400) Other binary systems: NS-BH: 0.004/yr  10/yr BH-BH: 0.007/yr 20/yr Class. Quant. Grav. 27, 173001 (2010)

  20. The GW Detector Network~2016 Advanced LIGO Hanford GEO60 Advanced Virgo Advanced LIGO Livingston 20

  21. Coming soon near you:Advanced GW Detectors running! arXiv:1304.0670

  22. Multi-messenger astronomy2010 (initial detectors) Radio • Mostly (but not all) robotic wide-field optical telescopes • Many of them used for following up GRBs and/or hunting for supernovae • Nine event candidates followed up by at least one scope • Astron Astrophys 539 (2012) A124 • Astron Astrophys 541 (2012) A155 X-ray and UV/Optical

  23. The GW Detector Network~2020 Advanced LIGO Hanford GEO600 Advanced Virgo KAGRA Advanced LIGO Livingston LIGO-India 23

  24. BNS Merger Localization: Hanford-Livingston-Virgo 90% localization ellipses for face-on BNS sources at 160 Mpc. 3 site network x denotes blind spots S. Fairhurst, “Improved source localization with LIGO India”, arXiv:1205.6611v1

  25. BNS Localization: Hanford-Livingston-Virgo-India 4 site network S. Fairhurst, “Improved source localization with LIGO India”, arXiv:1205.6611v1

  26. BNS Localization: Hanford-Livingston-Virgo-India-KAGRA 5 site network: Slightly better localization, but also better sensitivity and duty cycle! 90% localization ellipses for face-on BNS sources at 160 Mpc. S. Fairhurst, “Improved source localization with LIGO India”, arXiv:1205.6611v1

  27. Multi messenger astronomy with Advanced Detectors Two eras (dcc.ligo.org, LIGO-M1200055): • Now: The LSC and Virgo will partner with astronomers to carry out an inclusive observing campaign for potentially interesting GW triggers, with MoUs to ensure coordination and confidentiality of the information. They are open to all requests from interested astronomers or astronomy projects which want to become partners through signing an MoU. • Later: After the published discovery of gravitational waves with data from LSC and/or Virgo detectors, both the LSC and Virgo will begin releasing especially significant triggers promptly to the entire scientific community to enable a wider range of follow-up observations. Also: LIGO data will become public after 2 yrs, with 6 month cadence, after we enter the “observational era” (dcc.ligo.org, M1000066)

  28. Call for interest in EM counterparts to GW candidates 60+ responses including 400+ interested people!

  29. Gravitational waves are coming! www.ligo.org

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