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The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century

Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Curt-Engelhorn Chair in American History Prof. Dr. Manfred Berg Winter Term 2008/2009. The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg.

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The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century

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  1. Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergCurt-Engelhorn Chair in American History Prof. Dr. Manfred BergWinter Term 2008/2009 The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg 1

  2. Empire by Invitation? The U.S. and Western Europe • The American Reconstruction of Europe • The Americanization of European Culture Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  3. Europe in 1945 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  4. George C. Marshall, 1880-1959 • US Army General, Chief of Staff, 1939-1945 • US Sec. of State, 1947-1949 • US Sec. of Defense, 1950-1951 • Nobel Peace Prize Winner, 1953 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  5. Marshall Plan, 1948 - 1951 • $12.5 billion (about $100 billion in today‘s currency) Goals: • Increase of production • Expansion of trade • Financial stability • European economic cooperation Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  6. Marshall Plan, 1948 - 1951 • United Kingdom: $2.9 billion • France: $2.6 billion • West Germany: $1.3 billion • Italy: $1.3 billion • Total of $12.5 billion equals 1.2 percent of U.S. GNP during 1948 to 1951. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  7. Jean Monnet, 1888-1979 • Deputy General of the League of Nations, 1919-1923 • President of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), 1952-1955 • Founder of the Action Committee for a United States of Europe, 1955 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  8. U.S. and European Integration • Strong pillar of containment • Swift economic recovery • Avoid future wars • Solution to the German problem Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  9. Charles de Gaulle, 1890-1970 • Led the Forces Françaises Libres (free french forces) during WWII • Chairman of the Provisional Government of France, 1944-1946 • President of France, 1959-1969 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  10. John F. Kennedy in Berlin, 1963 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  11. Coke ad, 1952 Coke ad, 1955 Coca Colonization? Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  12. Amerika Houses • The first Amerika Haus in Heidelberg was located on Uni-Platz in the 1940s Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  13. Cultural Diplomacy • United States Information Agency • Voice of America • Radio Free Europe • Fulbright Program Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  14. GIs in Europe Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  15. Hollywood in Europe Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  16. Elvis Presley, 1935-1977 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  17. Student Protest in Europe Rudi Dutschke leads students in protest Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  18. Angela Davis, b. 1944 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  19. Anti-Americanism? • Criticism of U.S. foreign policy? • Criticism of specific aspects of American society and culture? • Fundamental rejection of Western liberalism and democracy? Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

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