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Diet and Nutrition Situation and Time Trends in India

Diet and Nutrition Situation and Time Trends in India. Dr. B. Sesikeran, MD, FAMS Director National Institute of Nutrition, I.C.M.R. Hyderabad – 500 604 E-mail : sesikeran@gmail.com. Infant Mortality Rate (Per 1000 Live Births) in India and South-east Asian Countries.

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Diet and Nutrition Situation and Time Trends in India

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  1. Diet and Nutrition Situation and Time Trends in India Dr. B. Sesikeran,MD, FAMS Director National Institute of Nutrition, I.C.M.R. Hyderabad – 500 604 E-mail: sesikeran@gmail.com

  2. Infant Mortality Rate (Per 1000 Live Births) in India and South-east Asian Countries Source : WHO/SEARO 2000 58 * * * SRS, Registrar General of India, 2004

  3. Prevalence of Low Birth Weight in India and South-east Asian Countries * Source : WHO/SEARO 2000 23 (NFHS 2) * Increase in Institutional Deliveries

  4. Uttar Pradesh Gujarat Madhya Pradesh West Bengal Maharashtra Orissa Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Kerala Tamilnadu NATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING BUREAU (Estd: 1972) • Objectives of NNMB • Assessment of Nutritional status of various communities by adopting standardized procedures and techniques • Periodical evaluation of National Nutrition programs operation in India

  5. Average Daily Food Intake (% RDA) among 1-3 Year Children : By Gender Percent RDA

  6. Median Intake of Nutrients (as % RDA) Among 1-3 year children : By gender Percent of RDA

  7. Average Daily Food Intake (% RDA) among 4-6 Year Children : By Gender Percent RDA

  8. Median Intake of Nutrients (as % RDA) Among 4-6 year children : By gender Percent of RDA

  9. Prevalence (%) of Undernutrition Among 1-5 yr children According to SD Classification (<Median - 2SD): By Gender Percent

  10. Prevalence of Undernutrition among <5 years children according to Weight for Age (IAP classification) Faulty BF Faulty Complementary feeding

  11. INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES (NFHS 3)

  12. MICRO-NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES

  13. Madhya Pradesh 1.4 Orissa 0.3 West Bengal 0.6 Maharashtra 1.3 Andhra Pradesh 1.2 Pooled: 0.7% Karnataka 0.7 < 0.5 %  0.5 % Tamil Nadu 0.5 Kerala 0 Prevalence (%) of Bitot spots among 1 - <5 year children Boys: 0.9% Girls 0.6%

  14. Prevalence (%) of Bitot Spots among 1 - <5 yrs. Children * WHO cut-off level (0.5%) of Public Health significance

  15. Definition of Anemia WHO, Nutritional Anemia - TRS No. 405, Geneva 1968.

  16. Prevalence (%) of Anaemia by Age, Gender & Physiological Groups 10.2 0.03 11.2 0.03 11.0 0.03 9.9 0.03 10.6 0.03 10.7 1.99 12.6 2.09 Mean ±SE > 6 months < 6 months

  17. Madhya Pradesh 4.3 West Bengal 9.0 Orissa 0.1 Maharashtra 12.2 Andhra Pradesh 3.8 Pooled: 3.9 Karnataka 1.9 < 5 % > 5 % Tamil Nadu 0 Kerala 0.6 Prevalence (%) of IDD among 6 – 11 Year Children Source: MND-NNMB, Tech Rep 22, 2003

  18. PREVALENCE (%) OF IDD AMONG CHILDREN (≤12 years old)

  19. Percent of Households consuming salt having adequate Amount (≥15 ppm) of Iodine * By spot test

  20. Time Trends

  21. Average Intake of Foodstuffs (per CU/day) as % of RDI by Period of Survey Percent

  22. Average Intake of Foodstuffs (per CU/day) as % of RDI by Period of Survey (contd.) Percent

  23. Average Intake of Nutrients (per CU/day) as % of RDI by Period of Survey Percent

  24. Average Intake of Nutrients (per CU/day) as % of RDI by Period of Survey (Contd.) Percent

  25. Distribution (%) of Children by Undernutrition and Period of Survey Percent UNDERNUTRITION (< Median - 2SD)

  26. Trends in poverty line estimates and Prevalence of Undernutrition among 1-5 yr. Children (According to SD Classification Using NCHS Standards) Source :- BPL : Economic survey and NNMB Surveys

  27. overweight obese Prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-age boys aged 5-17 years by global region 35 30 25 20 Prevalence (%) 15 10 5 0 Europe Americas Worldwide Asia-Pacific Near/middle East Sub-Sahara Africa

  28. PREVALENCE (%) OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG CHILDREN: VARIOUS STUDIES

  29. Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity and Physical Activity (NIN Study)

  30. Overweight/Obesity Vs Lifestyle practices (n:941) Laxmaiah et al 2007

  31. Prevalence of Overweight in relation to activity score. • Prevalence of Overweight was higher in lower tertile of physical activity. Trend 2 = 45.6, P <0.001. % Overweight Tertiles of activity score Ramachandran et al 2002

  32. Conclusion • Despite rapid progress in the area of food production, the intake of food and nutrients continues to be deficient, both in terms of quantity and quality • Prevalence of LBW is about 30%, and about 55% of preschool children are underweight and 50% are stunted. • Even though, the prevalence of undernutrition is significantly declining over a period of 3 decades, still the current prevalence is exceptionally high. • MNDs such as IDA VAD and IDD continues to be of public health problem.

  33. Conclusion (Contd..) • The prevalence of overweight and obesity is significantly increasing over a period of 3 decades even among rural population, which is the major independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome. • Prevalence of overweight and obesity is considerably high, especially when Asian cut of levels were used (≥23 BMI). • India is passing through a critical phase i.e. ‘double burden of disease’. • One fourth of our rural adults are suffering from hypertension About 5-6% of the adults have IGT/DM.

  34. Thank you

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