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Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System. Testes. Contained in scrotum Fibrous capsule surrounding a network of tubules Lined with epithelium  undergo meiosis Interstitial cells in-between  secrete hormones Tubules join into the epididymis which coils around the surface of the testis

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Male Reproductive System

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  1. Male Reproductive System

  2. Testes • Contained in scrotum • Fibrous capsule surrounding a network of tubules • Lined with epithelium  undergo meiosis • Interstitial cells in-between  secrete hormones • Tubules join into the epididymis which coils around the surface of the testis • Epithelial w/ non-motile cilia

  3. Testicular Cancer • Cause is unknown • Most common form of cancer in men ages 15-35 • Often have no symptoms • Pain in lower back • Discomfort • Lump

  4. Testosterone • Released during fetal development • Stops until puberty • Primary roles • Enlargement of testes • Development of accessory organs • Stimulate sexual activity

  5. Testosterone • Secondary roles • Increase body hair • Enlargement of larynx • Thicken skin • Increase muscle growth • Broaden shoulders • Thicken & strengthen bones

  6. Spermatogenesis • Embryonic development • Epithelial cells undergo mitosis • Undifferentiated cell • Primary spermatocyte • Process stalls until puberty • Post-puberty • Mitosis occurs continually • Primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis

  7. Spermatogenesis • Meiosis results in spermatids • These gather in the epididymis and mature • Secrete glycogen to promote maturation • Developing sperm move through via peristalsis • Don’t “swim” until post-ejaculation

  8. Hormone Control • Spermatogenesis is controlled by FSH and testosterone • FSH is released from anterior pituitary • Testosterone is produced in testes by interstitial cells • LH develops interstitial cells to release testosterone • LH is released from anterior pituitary • Release of FSH & LH triggered by gonadotropin releasing hormone • From hypothalamus

  9. Seminal Vesicle • Secretes • Alkaline fluid: regulate pH • Fructose: energy source for sperm • Prostaglandins: trigger muscle contractions in female reproductive organs to help sperm along

  10. Vas deferens • Aka ductus deferens • Epididymis converges into here • Joins with seminal vesicle forming the ejaculatory duct • Passes through prostate • Empties into urethra

  11. Vasectomy

  12. Prostate • Connective tissue supporting branched tubular glands • Open into urethra • Secrete thin, milky fluid • Neutralize acidity • Metabolic waste build-up • Secretions of vagina

  13. Prostate Cancer • Rarely found in men <40; 3rd most common death from cancer in men • Risks: agent orange exposure, farming, alcoholics, tire plant workers, painters, high-meat diet • Symptoms similar to BPH • PSA test – now a standard blood test given to men of age

  14. Bulbourethral Glands • Secrete mucus-like fluid • In response to sexual stimulation • Lubrication • Released prior to semen • Average # of sperm in ejaculate is 120 million/mL • Can survive for several weeks in male system • Up to 5 days in female

  15. Scrotum • Skin & smooth muscle • Contracts when cold to pull testes closer to body for warmth (and v.v.) • Septum • Keeps testes separate • Serous-lined • Smooth movement

  16. Penis • Excrete urine & Release sperm • 3 tissue columns comprise shaft • Top 2: corpus cavernosum • Bottom 1: corpus spongiosum • Contains urethra • Shaft enlarges into glans penis • Contains sensory cells for sexual stimulation

  17. Prepuce • Begins just posterior to the glans & covers it

  18. Erection Stimulation  parasympathetic from sacral spinal cord  nitric oxide  arterial dilation compression of veins  blood comes in quicker, but leaves slower  blood pools in corpa cavernosa

  19. Erectile Dysfunction • Impotence • Repeated inability to get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse • Disease (nerve & muscle damage) • Injury/surgery • Smoking • Overweight/lack of exercise • Drug side-effect • Psychological (stress, depression)

  20. Nocturnal Emission • Happen w/ or w/o erection • Correlated with frequency of masturbation • Both ends of spectrum argued • More stimulation during dreams do to high frequency • Need release due to lack of ejaculation

  21. Emission ≠ Ejaculation • Sympathetic Impulse from spinal cord  smooth muscle contraction  urethra fills with semen • Sensory receptors in urethra  sacral spinal cord  motor impulse  muscle contraction at base of erectile columns  ejaculation

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