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Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory Disorders. Review. Tidal Volume – Normal Breathing Volume Inspiratory/Expiratory Reserve Volume (IRV, ERV) – BIG inhale/exhale Residual Volume – remaining air in lungs after exhale Eupnea – Normal breathing Hyperpnea – Heavy Breathing (rigorous exercise). Hyperventilation.

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Respiratory Disorders

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  1. Respiratory Disorders

  2. Review Tidal Volume – Normal Breathing Volume Inspiratory/Expiratory Reserve Volume (IRV, ERV) – BIG inhale/exhale Residual Volume – remaining air in lungs after exhale Eupnea – Normal breathing Hyperpnea – Heavy Breathing (rigorous exercise)

  3. Hyperventilation Deep, rapid breathing Way of establishing homeostasis in body Too much CO2 in body (caused by stress, anxiety, panic attack, etc) Hyperventilation = more O2

  4. Hyperventilation v. Hyperpnea HYPERVENTILATION HYPERPNEA Rapid, deep breathing Inappropriate response No increase in metabolic rate Caused by stress, anxiety, respiratory disorders Rapid, deep breathing Appropriate response Increased metabolic rate Caused by exercise

  5. Respiratory Disorders Overview • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Chronic = long-term Obstructive = blocking Pulmonary = lungs Disease = infection • Examples: Asthma, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Pneumonia

  6. Asthma Chronic inflammatory disease in airways, causing breathing problems Bronchioles = constricted and inflamed Genetic links Triggered by stress, allergens, and rapid temperature changes

  7. Inhalers! Medicine you inhale to your lungs Most common: bronchodilators – dilate bronchioles, allowing more air in Nebulizer – same type of medicine

  8. Bronchitis Inflammation of bronchi (“itis”) Happens after a cold, flu [another viral infection] Type of COPD Coughing, but no mucus to cough up

  9. Quick Quiz • What does COPD mean? Give an example of one of these diseases. • Give one reason why hyperventilation is different than hyperpnea. • When a person has asthma, they often will take inhalers, what do these inhalers do that help?

  10. Pneumonia • Inflammation in alveoli (fluid filling alveoli) • Bacterial (strep) or Viral infection • Difficulty breathing (fluid), can hear crackles in breathing

  11. Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Genetic disease (gene – mucus, sweat regulation) Common in Caucasians Biggest symptom: huge difficulty breathing due to constricted airways

  12. CF Continued Bacteria growing in mucus lining  out of control  pneumonia More respiratory diseases follow All die young No cure (yet)

  13. Tobacco and the Respiratory System • Normally upper part of Respiratory system filters dust/foreign particles (cilia) • Smoking (tobacco) damages this • Smoking  Respiratory disease (Chronic bronchitis, lung cancer and emphysema)

  14. Smoking is NOT Sexy Damages teeth/fingernails Speeds up aging process Addictive (Nicotine – speeds up heart rate and blood pressure)

  15. Quick Quiz • In pneumonia, what part of the lung is inflamed? What does it look like in a chest x-ray? • How is cystic fibrosis different from the other respiratory disorders mentioned? • How does smoking damage your respiratory pathway?

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