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Ebola Facts

Ebola Facts. October 14, 2014. Symptoms of Ebola. Initial symptoms are nonspecific - may include fever, chills, myalgias, and malaise. Patients can progress to develop gastrointestinal symptoms: severe watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain Other symptoms:

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Ebola Facts

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  1. Ebola Facts October 14, 2014

  2. Symptoms of Ebola • Initial symptoms are nonspecific - may include fever, chills, myalgias, and malaise. • Patients can progress to develop gastrointestinal symptoms: • severe watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain • Other symptoms: • chest pain, shortness of breath, headache or confusion, conjunctival injection, hiccups, seizures, and cerebral edema • Bleeding not universally present but can manifest later as petechiae, ecchymosis/ bruising, or oozing. Frank hemorrhage less common. • Some develop diffuse erythematous maculopapular rash that can desquamate. • Most common symptoms reported during current outbreak: • fever (87%) • fatigue (76%) • vomiting (68%) • diarrhea (66%) • loss of appetite (65%) • Patients with fatal disease develop more severe clinical signs early during infection and die between days 6 - 16 of complications (mean of 7.5 days). • In non-fatal cases, patients may have fever for several days and improve, around day 6. • The case fatality proportion in West Africa is about 71% Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/clinician-information-us-healthcare-settings.html

  3. Diagnosis of Ebola • Diagnosing Ebola can be difficult at first since early symptoms, such as fever, are nonspecific to Ebola infection. • However, if a person has the early symptoms and has had contact with Ebola they should be isolated and public health professionals notified. • Samples from the patient can then be collected and tested to confirm infection. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/diagnosis/index.html

  4. Source: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/pdf/checklist-patients-evaluated-us-evd.pdf

  5. Treatment of Ebola • There are no approved treatments available for EVD. • Clinical management focus - supportive care of complications: • hypovolemia, electrolyte abnormalities, hematologic abnormalities, refractory shock, hypoxia, hemorrhage, septic shock, multi-organ failure, and DIC. • Recommended care includes: • volume repletion • maintenance of blood pressure (with vasopressors if needed) • maintenance of oxygenation • pain control • nutritional support • treating secondary bacterial infections and pre-existing comorbidities • Among patients from West Africa, large volumes of intravenous fluids have often been required to correct dehydration due to diarrhea and vomiting. • Several investigational therapeutics for Ebola virus disease are in development. There are no approved vaccines available for EVD. Several investigational Ebola vaccines are in development, and Phase I trials are underway for some vaccine candidates. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/clinician-information-us-healthcare-settings.html

  6. Source: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/pdf/ppe-poster.pdf

  7. References • Baize S. et al.  Emergence of Zaire Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea - Prepminary Report.  N Engl J Med. 2014 Apr 16. epub • Feldmann H , Geisbert TW.  Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever.  Lancet. 2011 Mar 5;377(9768):849-62. • Fowler RA, Fletcher T, Fischer WA, et al. Caring for Critically Ill Patients with Ebola Virus Disease: Perspectives from West Africa. Am J RespirCrit Care Med. 2014 Aug 25. Epub • Kortepeter MG, Bausch DG, Bray M. Basic Cpnical and Laboratory Features of Filoviral Hemorrhagic Fever.  J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;204 Suppl 3:S810-6 • WHO Ebola Response Team. Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa – The First 9 Months of the Epidemic and Forward Projections. N Eng J Med. 2014 Sept 23. Epub Source: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/index.html

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