Chapter 8 Section 4

1. Chapter 8 Section 4 “The End of the War”

2. The Battle of Monmouth 1779 • In 1779, Washington and the Continental Army had the British on the run and chased them across New Jersey. • They caught up with the British near the town of Monmouth and attacked. • General Charles Lee, Washington’s second-in-command, was in charge of leading the assault on the British rear guard. • When British reinforcements arrived, Lee ordered a retreat. • Washington charged forward to halt the retreat. • By the end of the day, the British were pulling back.

3. Battle of Monmouth, NJ 1779

4. Washington at Monmouth

5. The War Moves South • Having failed in the Northern states, Britain moved the war to the South. • The patriot cause was kept alive by guerilla fighters like Francis Marion, the famous “swamp fox”. • Marion’s guerillas repeatedly attacked the British, then faded like ghosts into tidewater swamps. • They terrorized Loyalist militia and kept the British busy protecting supply lines. Guerillas: soldiers who are not part of the regular army who make hit and run attacks.

6. Francis Marion aka “Swamp Fox”

7. 1780 • Washington sent his best commander, General Nathaniel Greene, to the South to slow the British advance. • The troops, under General Greene, exhausted General Cornwallis and the British army.

8. War in the South 1780 General Nathaniel Greene General Cornwallis

9. War in the West • Americans led by George Rogers Clark seized control of the Ohio Valley. • Clark planned to drive the British out of the Ohio River Valley and the Great Lakes region. • By 1779 Americans controlled the Ohio River Valley.

10. George Rogers Clark

11. Help from Spain • In 1779, Bernardo de Galvez, the Gov. of Spanish Louisiana pulled together a force from Spain, Mexico, and the Caribbean. • This force drove British troops from their forts along the Mississippi River. • 1781; Galvez organized a much larger army and attacked the British in Pensacola, Florida. • 2,500 British soldiers were trapped. They could not come to the aid of Cornwallis.

12. Bernardo de Galvez

13. The War Ends • October 1781: American and French troops trapped Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia. • The British surrendered. • The war was over.

14. Battle of Yorktown Map

15. Battle of Yorktown Map

16. Cornwallis’s Surrender at Yorktown

17. Battle of Yorktown

18. Treaty of Paris • Early in 1783, the British and Americans signed a peace treaty in Paris, France. • Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation. • Granted the U.S. all lands from the Atlantic Coast to the Mississippi River, and from Florida to Canada.

19. United States 1783

20. United States 1783