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English 12 - Mr. Rinka Lesson #30

English 12 - Mr. Rinka Lesson #30. Improve Your Writing Pronoun Problems. Pronouns. A Pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun or nouns. Kim went to the mall; she stayed all afternoon. The students are studying hard; t hey have an exam next week. Antecedent.

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English 12 - Mr. Rinka Lesson #30

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  1. English 12 - Mr. RinkaLesson #30 Improve Your Writing Pronoun Problems

  2. Pronouns A Pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun or nouns. Kim went to the mall; she stayed all afternoon. The students are studying hard; they have an exam next week.

  3. Antecedent An antecedent is the noun (or pronoun) that a pronoun replaces. Kim went to the mall. She stayed all afternoon. The students are studying hard; they have an exam next week.

  4. Often an Antecedent is Understood. 1st & 2nd person pronouns have antecedents that are understood. I am going to the party. Do you want to come? ( The antecedent of I is the person speaking or writing and you is the person spoken to.)

  5. Agreement of Pronoun & Antecedent A pronoun should agree in number and gender with its antecedent.

  6. Dadsaid that he would stay home. Mom parked her car on the street. The dog buried its bone in the yard. Paul promised himself a quiet night.

  7. Use a singular pronoun when referring to the following words: each either neither every one everyone everybody everything no one nobody nothing anyone anybody anything someone somebody something

  8. Each of the birds has its own cage. One of the boys is reading his book. Everyone on the swim team won her race. Neither wants his story read.

  9. For a pronoun with an indefinite pronoun for its antecedent, the phrase following the antecedent determines its gender. Neither of the girls did her homework. Each of the boys rides his bike to school. Anyone of the teacherswill gladly lend her time to the effort.

  10. When the antecedent’s gender is not clear, then use both masculine and feminine pronouns joined by “or.” Everyonemust bring his or her own lunch. Someone left his or her gym bag. Anyone can present his or her opinion at the meeting.

  11. To avoid using the his or her option revise your sentence to make the pronoun and antecedent plural. Each of the students voiced his or heropinion. The students voicedtheiropinions.

  12. A singular pronoun is used to refer to two or more singular antecedents connected by “or” or “nor.” Either Joe or Steve will give his speech. Mom or Aunt Jill will donate hertime.

  13. Revise awkward sounding sentences. Mom or Dad will volunteer his or her time at the bake sale this weekend. One of my parents will volunteer at the bake sale this weekend.

  14. A plural pronoun is used to refer to two or more antecedents joined by “and.” Joe and Marie left early because they had a long drive home. Jim and I left our books at school.

  15. A relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that) is singular or plural depending on the word it refers to. Bill is a student who always gets his work done. Studentswho study hard now get their rewards later.

  16. Clear Reference Avoid vague pronoun use. Vague: When the rain hit the pavement, it turned to ice. ( What?) Better: When the rain hit the pavement, ice formed. The rain turned to ice when it hit the pavement.

  17. Vague: The lights in the bathroom are too dim. I wish they would fix them. (they? them?) Better: The lights in the bathroom are too dim. I wish maintenance would put in brighter bulbs. Vague: Summer break starts early this year, which is great. (What is great?)

  18. Better: Summer break’s early start this year is great. Vague: I stopped eating sweets. This is the reason I lost ten pounds. (this?) Better: Because I stopped eating sweets, I lost ten pounds.

  19. Pronoun Case Make sure you use the correct case when writing pronouns. Pronouns are either written in the Nominative Case or Objective Case orPossessive Case.

  20. Nominative Case Use the Nominative Case for pronouns acting as subjects or predicate nominatives in a sentence. I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who

  21. Who (S) was at the party? It (S) was he (PN) who (S) left early. He(S) and I(S) will travel to England together. It (S) is we (PN) who (S) are responsible for bringing the food.

  22. When referring to yourself and another in a compound subject, place the “I”last. Joe and I are studying together. Mom, Dad, and I are going to the movies.

  23. Comparisons usually follow “than” or “as” and need appropriate case. She is older than I (am). This will benefit others as much as (it benefits) me. We are doing more work than they. (are)

  24. Use Subjective case for subject complements: It was Iwho wrote the letter. It was wewho helped with the decorations. It is theyyou should be taking to.

  25. Use the Objective Case for pronouns used as direct objects, indirect objects, or objects of prepositions written in a sentence. me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom

  26. Phil saw her(DO) at the mall last week. The teacher gave her(IO) a gold star for her effort. This advice is for them (OP). At whom(OP) is the man looking?

  27. Compound objects can be tricky. The disagreement was between her and me. The dog ran after him and me. The teacher spoke to them and us. Will you give her and me the directions to your house.

  28. Remember who is subjective and whom is objective. Who will be singing in the talent show? For whom is this present?

  29. Possessive Case Pronouns that express ownership. my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, it, its our, our, their, theirs That book is mine. That is my book.

  30. Possessive with Gerunds It was my (not “me”) laughing that got me in trouble. I was bothered by his (not him) coughing. The teacher encourages their (not them) working together.

  31. Assignment #1 Write a 10 sentence quiz and with each sentence containing at least one pronoun error. Rewrite those sentences with the correction(s) to use as an answer sheet. Have another student take your quiz while you take another student’s quiz. Then correct the quizzes.

  32. Assignment #2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell Read about Oliver Cromwell, one of the most controversial characters in England’s history. When you are finished, write a response to what you read while answering these questions.

  33. Assignment #2 Who was Oliver Cromwell? What made Oliver Cromwell so important to English history? Should Cromwell be considered a hero or a villain? Why?

  34. English 12 - Mr. RinkaLesson #30 Improve Your Writing Pronoun Problems

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