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MSC 160 - Oceanography

MSC 160 - Oceanography. Instructor Jacqui Jenkins Office S204D Phone 910-362-7405 Email jjenkins@cfcc.edu Office Hours . What is Oceanography?. Broad field Biological, chemical, geological, physical Ocean engineering. Humans & The World Oceans. Why study the world ocean?

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MSC 160 - Oceanography

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  1. MSC 160 - Oceanography Instructor Jacqui Jenkins Office S204D Phone 910-362-7405 Email jjenkins@cfcc.edu Office Hours

  2. What is Oceanography? • Broad field • Biological, chemical, geological, physical • Ocean engineering

  3. Humans & The World Oceans Why study the world ocean? • Historically • Curiosity • Currently • Marine resources, trade & commerce, national security, global climate Human Impacts

  4. History of Oceanography • Early Times • Food gathering • Egyptians • Exploration • Phoenicians • Trade & Navy

  5. Early Times • Polynesians • SW Pacific http://www.museum.upenn.edu/Navigation/sidereal/sidereal2.html

  6. Early Times • Middle Eastern peoples • Exploration of Indian Ocean • Trade routes to India and China

  7. Early Times • Greeks • Alexander the Great • Pytheas • Aristotle • Eratosthenes • Posidonius • Pliny the Elder • Ptolemy

  8. Middle Ages • Vikings

  9. Middle Ages • Arabs • Preservation of Greek & Roman knowledge • Trade routes to China • European Resurgence • Tide tables • Early Greek studies available

  10. Voyages of Discovery • Early Chinese • 15th century • Pacific & Indian Oceans

  11. Voyages of Discovery • Europe • Prince Henry the Navigator • Bartholomeu Dias • Vasco de Gama

  12. Voyages of Discovery • Europe • Christopher Columbus • Ferdinand Magellan • Francis Drake

  13. Beginnings of Earth Science • 17th Century • Experimental science • Johannes Kepler • Planetary motion • Galileo Galilei • Mass, weight & acceleration • Isaac Newton • Law of gravity

  14. Charts & Navigation • 1st hydrographic offices: • France 1720 • Britain 1795 • Time and longitude • John Harrison’s chronometer

  15. Capt. James Cook • One of the founders of oceanography • Detailed and accurate observations & charts

  16. Lt. Matthew F. Maury • Wind & current charts • International cooperation • Physical Geography of the Sea, 1855

  17. Ocean Science Begins • Biologists & Naturalists • Collect, describe & classify organisms

  18. Ocean Science Begins • Late 19th century • Importance of govt. support • Laying of transatlantic cable • Challenger Expedition • Comprehensive • Began Oceanography as a modern science

  19. Oceanography as Science • Transformation of Oceanography • Descriptive  Quantitative • Testing hypotheses • Models of ocean circulation

  20. Oceanography as Science • Fridtjof Nansen • Voyage of the Fram • Nansen bottle

  21. Oceanography as Science • International scientific cooperation • Motivated by fluctuations in commercial fish stocks • http://www.ices.dk/indexfla.asp • Advances in theoretical oceanography • Development of new instruments

  22. Scripps - 1903 WHOI - 1930 Rapid advances in WWII International cooperation Oceanography in the 20th century

  23. 1968 JOIDES Resolution http://www-odp.tamu.edu/resolutn.html Deep Sea Drilling Program

  24. Recent Past, Present & Future • Earth is a complex of systems and subsystems • Cross disciplinary research • Integrated approach • Large scale oceanographic programs • Climate: WOCE, JGOFS, GOALS, • Structure and history of the Earth: DODP, RIDGE • Satellites; TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 • Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) • Project NEPTUNE

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