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Where is Southern English heading? Pressures from North, East, West, South

Where is Southern English heading? Pressures from North, East, West, South. William Labov, University of Pennsylvania. Duke University October 9, 2008. www.ling.upenn.edu/~labov. Where did Southern English come from?.

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Where is Southern English heading? Pressures from North, East, West, South

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  1. Where is Southern English heading?Pressures from North, East, West, South William Labov, University of Pennsylvania Duke University October 9, 2008

  2. www.ling.upenn.edu/~labov

  3. Where did Southern English come from?

  4. Figure 14.24 Settlement patterns of the Eastern U.S. (Kniffen and Glassie 1966)

  5. New light on the expatriate Southern community in Brazil Shana Poplack, William Labov, Maciej Baranowski

  6. Older forms of Southern English retained in Americana speech The /j/ glide with /uw/ after coronals in new, tune, news, knew, student, etc. The contrast of /ohr/ vs. /Ohr/ in more, four, before, important vs. born, for, north, short, etc. The contrast of /hw/ and /w/ in which, where, vs. witch, wear, etc. The presence of a palatal upglide with the mid-central vowel of first, church, work, etc. The presence of a palatal upglide with the low front vowel in plan, last, can’t.

  7. /j/ glides for the McFadden family Leslie McFadden Charles McFadden knew3 stupid knew1 knew2 stupid2 news Lance McFadden due2 due1

  8. /juw/ vs. /iw/ knew3 knew1

  9. Back vowels before /r/ for Leslie McFadden

  10. Back vowels before /r/ for Charles McFadden

  11. Map 18.1. Relics of vanishing distinctions in the South

  12. General principles of merger: Garde’s Principle: Mergers cannot be reversed by linguistic means Herzog’s Corollary: Mergers expand at the expense of distinctions

  13. Map 9.1 The low back merger of /o/ and /oh/

  14. Map 11.2. Three areas of resistance to the low back merger

  15. The Southern Shift

  16. CDC South Project on Cross-Dialectal Comprehension: Gating Experiment 2 Word Phrase Sentence 1. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 2. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 3. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 4. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 5. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 6. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 7. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 8. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 9. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 10. ________ ________________ ___________________________

  17. The Southern Shift hit kids beatin’ set bed Danny grade Guy wipin’

  18. General principles of chain shifting In chain shifts, I. Tense nuclei rise along a peripheral track II. Lax nuclei fall along a non-peripheral track

  19. NCS & Southern Shift

  20. The Southern Shift Southern Shift & Canadian Shift The Canadian Shift

  21. Figure 18.5. Means of Vy vowels for 21 dialects. IS = Inland South; TS = Texas South; SE = Southeastern; FL = Florida

  22. Percent correct in Gating Experiments by city in Cross Dialectal Comprehension study: I knew the GUY

  23. Percent correct in Gating Experiments by city and educational level in Cross Dialectal Comprehension study: I knew the GUY

  24. Percent correct in Gating Experiments by race and educational level in Cross Dialectal Comprehension study: I knew the GUY

  25. Fig. 18.1. Percent monophthongization of /ay/

  26. M18.5. Spread of monophthongization of /ay/ beyond areas shown in PEAS

  27. Map 18.5. Second stage of the Southern Shift

  28. Map 18.6. Third stage of the Southern Shift

  29. The Southern Shift in vowel system of Thelma M., 31, Birmingham, TS 341

  30. Southern Shift in the vowel system of Lance R., 45 [1997], Durham NC, TS627 wide

  31. “eye” of Lance R.,. Durham

  32. “wide” of Lance R., Durham

  33. “bike” of Lance R., Durham

  34. Where is Southern English going?

  35. Map 7.1 Residual r-lessness in the Eastern U.S.

  36. T18.3 Regression on SS

  37. Map 9.5. Merger of /i/ and /e/ before nasals

  38. Map 9.5. Merger of /i/ and /e/ before nasals (South)

  39. /i/ and /e/ before /n/ for L. McFadden (highlighted = prenasal)

  40. Map 9.1 The low back merger of /o/ and /oh/

  41. Map 18.9. Back upglide with /oh/

  42. Map 9.1 The low back merger of /o/ and /oh/

  43. Map 11.11. The Southeastern Super-region

  44. F12.6. Fronting of /ow/ and /uw/ after coronals for North American regions

  45. Figure 11.6. Fronting of /Tuw/ and /ow/ for North American dialects

  46. Figure 12.7. Fronting of /uw/ after coronals and before /l/

  47. Table 12.7. Regression analysis of /uw/ before /l/ in the South

  48. Back upgliding vowels of Lance R., Durham

  49. What are the forces that drive or slow the development of Southern English?

  50. What are the forces that drive or slow the development of Southern English? 1. Structural

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