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Status of Global Advancement of Biotechnology in All Areas

Status of Global Advancement of Biotechnology in All Areas. Duane R. Berglund and Phil McClean Department of Plant Science North Dakota State University. September 22, 2005. The Crop Biotech Market Is Dominated By Five Countries a. 6.7%/13 ma (6.0%/10 ma). 58.8%/118 ma (63%/106 ma).

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Status of Global Advancement of Biotechnology in All Areas

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  1. Status of Global Advancement of Biotechnology in All Areas Duane R. Berglund and Phil McClean Department of Plant Science North Dakota State University September 22, 2005

  2. The Crop Biotech Market Is Dominated By Five Countriesa 6.7%/13 ma (6.0%/10 ma) 58.8%/118 ma (63%/106 ma) 4.6%/9 ma (3%/7 ma) 6.2%/12 ma (3%/7 ma) 20.0%/40 ma (21%/36 ma) Top Five Countries = 96% of market 20 % increase in biotech acreage from 2003 a2004 growing season data. http://www.isaaa.org/Press_release/Briefs30-2003/press/b30_english.htm 2003 in parentheses.

  3. Impact of GM Crops on Worldwide Crop Production GM crops are grown on 5% of the 3.7 billion acres of cultivated land in the world

  4. 2004 market value of Biotech crops was $4.70 Billion Represented 15% of the total global crop value of $32.5 Billion Projected global Biotech crop value in 2005 is a > $5 Billion Source: CropBiotech.Net Global Value of Biotech Crop Market

  5. The Latest Biotech News ND GMO Planting Decisions (Winter 2005) • New law enacted during 2005 legislative session • Only the ND state government has the authority to ban • plantings of GMO crops • Response to laws passed at county level in other states EU Approving GMO-free Zones (May 2005) • European Union GMO regulations permit regions • to declare themselves GMO Free • Otherwise approved GMO products can be grown • 162 regions or provinces (like states in USA) have asked to be GMO free • 4500 total government units have made the request

  6. Economic Effect of Bt Cotton In China • $200/acre increase in income • $750 million increase nationally

  7. Benefits to Hungarian Farmers From: Demont et al. 2005. Potential impact of biotechnology in eastern Europe: transgenic maize, sugar beet, and oilseed rape in Hungary.

  8. Herbicide resistant crops • current: soybean, corn, canola, cotton, alfalfa • coming: sugarbeet (on hold), lettuce, strawberry, wheat (on hold), Turf grass • resistance gene from bacteria is source Source: Monsanto Virus resistance • papaya, squash, potato • resistance gene from a virus

  9. Healthcare 130+ medicines and vaccines 350+ products in clinical trials Environmental Cleanup Microorganisms to clean-up waste Industrial Processes Reduce impact of processes in cleaning, textile and paper industries Food Applications Enzymes for cheese, yogurt, baked goods, wine Agriculture Insect control Other agronomic traits – fusarium, leaf rust, drought and salt tolerance Improved Quality of grains Food applications Animal Healthcare and Marine Life Whats Being Looked at Today in the Biotechnology Labs. Source : Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO)

  10. Bacterial and Animal Biotechnology Products Biotech chymosin • enzyme used to curdle milk products • gene from yeast • harvested from GE bacteria • replaces the calf enzyme Source: Chr. Hansen bST (bovine somatotropin) • increases milk production • gene from cow • protein harvested from GE bacteria • replaces cow protein originally • harvested from pituitary glands • of slaughtered cows Source: Rent Mother Nature

  11. Next Generation of Ag Biotech Products Golden Rice • Increased Vitamin A content • Transgenes from bacteria and daffidol • Controversory: large amount needed to • solve problem and is a culture issue!! Sunflower • White mold resistance • Resistance gene from wheat Source: Minnesota Microscopy Society

  12. Environmental Applications Indicator bacteria • contamination is detected in the environment • microbes sensitive to certain pollutants Bioremediation • cleanup contaminated sites • uses microbes designed to degrade • the pollutant

  13. Land Mine Detection Without this effort, that is dangerous to our military, children aremaimed.

  14. Land Mine Detection • How biotechnology helps • Patented transgene added to plants • When metal from mine is detected • Plant turns from green to red • Technology developed by Aresa Biodetection Mine detected

  15. Biotechnology and Health

  16. Edible Vaccines – A Biopharming Dream Biotech Plants Serving Human Health Needs • A pathogen protein gene is cloned • Gene is inserted into the DNA of plant (potato, banana, tomato) • Plant must be isolated and highly regulated! • Humans eat the plant • The body produces antibodies against pathogen protein • Human are “immunized” against the pathogen • Examples: • Diarrhea • Hepatitis B • Measles

  17. Future Health-related Biotech Products Vaccines • Herpes • hepatitis C • AIDS • malaria Tooth decay • Streptococcus mutans, the mouth bacteria • releases lactic acid that destroys enamel • engineered Streptococcus mutans • does not release lactic acid • destroys the tooth decay strain • of bacteria

  18. Top Biotechnologies In The Future • Nutritionally Enriched Crops • Malnutrition is widespread • Malnutrition is associated with many diseases • Modification of staple crops necessary • to solve the problem

  19. Precautionary Principle Why Europe Regulates Biotech Products • Precautionary Principle States • Commercial activities can be restricted by governments • IF a scientific or environment risk is perceived • EVEN IF conclusive data is NOT YET available • It is: • A key principle that underlies European Union approaches • to regulating biotech products • Incorporated into the Maastricht Treaty that lead to • the formation of the EU

  20. Precautionary Principle Effects of Applying the Principle • The principle makes it difficult to: • determine when risk avoidance should take precedence • over the general welfare • At its most basic, the principle • Regulates man’s excitement of the new and novel • Can prevent the most unexpected damage from occurring • As interpreted the principle requires that: • Biotech products should be regulated until compelling evidence proves they are safe

  21. What Would Lead to Acceptance of GMO Products? Significantly Lower Prices • Norway (2003 study) • Consumers would buy the product over non-GMO bread • If the cost of GMO bread 49.5% lower • Japan (2004 study) • Consumers would preferentially buy GMO-base product • If the cost of GMO noodles was >50% lower • England (2001 study) • Men: would pay 26% extra to avoid GMO technology • Woman: would pay 49% extra to avoid GMO technology Data quoted from: AgBioForum (2004) 7:70-75

  22. Other Attitudes Toward Biotechnology Developing Countries • China • Will pay • 16% premium for GM oil • 38% premium for GMO rice • 35% premium for processed GMO potato products • Colombia • 66% would try GMO products • GMO products most favorable to those with limited • access to high quality food Data quoted from: AgBioForum (2004) 7:70-75

  23. Why Are Attitudes Different?? • In these countries, • An urgent need for available, nutritious food of • good quality exitsted • Individuals trusted their government • Science in general had a positive public opinion • These attitudes are opposite of those expressed in • European public opinion pools. Data quoted from: AgBioForum (2004) 7:70-75

  24. Thanks for your attentionANY QUESTIONS

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