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Global Status of Biotechnology and Commercialized Biotech / GM Crops

Global Status of Biotechnology and Commercialized Biotech / GM Crops . Margaret Karembu, PhD Director, ISAAA Africenter m.karembu@cgiar.org 20-21 st September 2012 Communicating Biosafety and Regulation of GMOs for Public Health Offciers ational Biosafety Conference.

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Global Status of Biotechnology and Commercialized Biotech / GM Crops

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  1. Global Status of Biotechnology and Commercialized Biotech / GM Crops Margaret Karembu, PhD Director, ISAAA Africenter m.karembu@cgiar.org 20-21st September 2012 Communicating Biosafety and Regulation of GMOs for Public Health OffciersationalBiosafety Conference

  2. Overview of Presentation • Brief on ISAAA • Major Trends in Biotechnology • Commercialization of GM Crops 1996 to 2011 • Impact of GM crops (1996 to 2010) • Future Prospects – 2012-2015 (MDG)

  3. The ISAAA Network Centers Global mandate – www.isaaa.org AmeriCenter SEAsiaCenter AmeriCenter, Cornell University, 417 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca NY 14852, USA India Office AfriCenter SEAsiaCenter c/o IRRI DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines AfriCenter P.O. Box 70 00605, ILRI Campus Nairobi, Kenya ISAAA: International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications

  4. ISAAA’s Global Knowledge Sharing Initiative (www.isaaa.org/kc) Network of 24 Biotechnology Information Centers (BICs) Russia ISAAA AmeriCenter Spain China Japan Italy Pakistan Bulgaria Bangladesh Egypt Mali India Vietnam Thailand Philippines ISAAA’s Global KC Sri Lanka Burkina Faso Kenya Malaysia Indonesia Brazil South Africa Knowledge and Experience Sharing

  5. Major Trends inHealth Industrial Environmental andCrop biotechnologies

  6. Human and animal health • Advances in biotechnology making major contributions in disease diagnosis, treatment and drug development EUleading in devpt of genetically engineered drugs - 87 recombinant [GE] drugs approved by European Medical Agencies since 1982  Source: Robert Paarlberg (2009) Examples: • HumulinN (GE Insulin) for treatment of Diabetes • Hepatitis B recombinant vaccines (e.g. EngerixB) • Erythropoietin (Treatment of kidney failure) *Animal vaccines and diagnostic kits

  7. Environmental and Industrial biotech applications • Biotech being used to convert renewable raw materials as a substitute for fossil fuels. • In 1992, world’s first and only commercial biobleach plant was established - produces high quality cobalt metal • Cobalt metal is used in production of super alloys for aerospace industry and industrial gas turbines; also used as a pigment in many commercial and industrial applications.

  8. Environmental and Industrial biotechnology applications • BioInnovate - former BIO-EARN supporting projects on generation of bioenergy and value-added productsfrom wastes • Recovery of valuable products from Nile perch waste (oils, proteins and enzymes)

  9. Forestry and biodiversity conservation • Genetically modified Poplar trees in China • Tree Biotechnology Project Trust (TBPT) in Kenya has the largest single forest trees clonal nursery in ECAregion • Has produced over 19 million improved seedlings and clones and has an annual production capacity of over 4 million

  10. COMMERCIALIZATION OF • GM/BIOTECH CROPS • 1996 to 2011

  11. Pakistan Myanmar Sweden Chronology of Countries Approving Planting of Biotech Crops 1996 to 2010 Costa Rica USA Argentina Canada China Australia Mexico India Colombia Honduras Bolivia Burkina Faso Egypt South Africa Spain Portugal Romania Uruguay Germany 1 Billion Hectares Chile Poland Slovakia Paraguay Czech Republic Brazil Philippines Source: Clive James, 2011

  12. OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES versus INDUSTRIAL, 2011 • 19 out of 29 biotech countries were Developing • For first time dev countries planted 50% of global area • Expected to exceed industrial country hectares in 2012 • Brazil largest gain worldwide – 4.9 M Ha, 19% of global • Top 7 Developing countries planted >2 M Ha each • ~16 M small biotech farmers, up ~1.3 M from 2010. • 1996-2010 Econ gain $39.2 B; in 2010 $7.7 vs $6.3 in Industrial

  13. Principal Biotech/GM crops - Globally Cotton Soybean Maize Canola

  14. M Acres 100 100 90 222 Herbicide Tolerance 80 198 Insect Resistance (Bt) 70 173 Herb Tolerance/Insect resistance 60 148 50 124 40 99 30 74 20 49 10 25 0 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2010: By Trait (Million Hectares, Million Acres) Source: Clive James, 2010

  15. Africa Overview Biotech Crops planting 2011 • Biotech commercial South Africa - Maize, cotton, soybean • Egypt - Maize • Burkina Faso - Cotton • Biotech crops on trial • RSA - potatoes, sugarcane, • WEMA – RSA, Kenya, Uganda Kenya – cotton, maize, SP, cassava Egypt – cotton, potato, wheat, cucumber, melon Uganda - banana, cotton, cassava, maize, rice Nigeria - cowpea, cassava

  16. Products nearing commercialization Insect resistant eggplantIndia, Philippines, Bangladesh Blue rose Japan Insect resistant rice China, Iran Biofortified rice Philippines, India, Indonesia Bangladesh, Vietnam Drought tolerant corn - USA

  17. GLOBAL IMPACT OF BIOTECH CROPS Source: Brookes and Barfoot, 2012; Clive James, 2012 • IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME – Farm income gains of $78 B from 1996 to 2010, 40% due to cost reduction and 60% due to a production gain of 276 M tons • PROTECT BIODIVERSITY–land saving technology, doubling crop production on same area of 1.5 B Ha of crop land –saves biodiversity • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT–Reduce need for external inputs – Saving of 443 M kg pesticides from 1996/2010 – 9% saved • – Saved 19 B kg C02 in 2010 -contribution to climate change • HUMANITARIAN BENEFITS • – Contribution to poverty alleviation of ~15 M small resource-poor farmers in 2011 & welfare benefits emerging

  18. THE FUTURE–2012 - 2015 NEW & IMPROVED BIOTECH CROPS • Several new biotech crop options --- 3 examples • 2012 – first stacked HT/IR soybean, particularly Brazil • 2013 – first drought tolerant maize in US; • - In Africa ~2017 (WEMA) • 2013/14 – Golden Rice in the Philippines; US, omega 3 soy • Other candidates before 2015 include: several dual-action products for more effective & durable pest and weed management; and possibly biotech sugar cane in Indonesia

  19. Three requirements for growth of Biotech/GM crops in Africa Political will and support from lead countries, governments and institutions Responsible and efficient regulatory systems, that are appropriate for Africa with limited resources Communication with Society transparently and accurately

  20. Conclusion Biotech crops are a product of INNOVATION“the ability to manage change as anopportunity, not as a threat”…thus need for enabling regulatory frameworks to support innovation

  21. EU Chief Scientific Advisor:24/7/12 No Risk With GMO Food ThankYou!

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