Chapter 15: Civil Rights Movement

1. Chapter 15:Civil Rights Movement

2. Key Vocabulary Rosa Parks – defied segregation by refusing to give up her seat on a bus Thurgood Marshall – lawyer that fought against segregation in public schools Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas – segregation in public schools in unconstitutional Montgomery bus boycott – African Americans boycott buses because of Rosa Parks' arrest

3. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - leader of the African American civil rights movement SCLC – (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) this group helped organize civil rights protests Sit-in – a protest where people refuse to move until their demands are met SNCC – (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) a group of young people that helped the civil rights movement CORE – (Congress of Racial Equality) tried to gain equal rights for nonwhites

4. John F. Kennedy – elected in 1960, President Kennedy arranged for MLK, Jr.'s release after he was arrested during a protest March on Washington – 250,000 people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial to protest, where MLK, Jr. made his “I have a dream” speech Civil Rights Act of 1964 – a law that banned segregation in public places (hotels, restaurants, theaters) Freedom Summer – summer of 1964, the SNCC organized a voter registration drive to get African Americans ready to vote

5. Voting Rights Act – banned literacy tests and other laws that prevented African Americans from voting Lyndon B. Johnson – became president after Kennedy was assassinated, he wanted the United States to become a “great society” Great Society – President Johnson's plan to end discrimination, promote education, and protect the environment Malcolm X – part of the Nation of Islam, also a Civil Rights leader but one that promoted violent protests (instead of nonviolent like Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.)

6. Cesar Chavez – born in Yuma, Arizona, migrant farm worker in the 1940s – he started a farm workers union called La Raza Unida and led many strikes and won equal rights for Mexican Americans National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) – forced the federal gov't to keep protective laws in place and promote the “common welfare” of Native Americans American Indian Movement (AIM) – an aggressive group that fought for Native American rights that would allow for self government and control on reservations

7. Betty Freidan – author of The Feminine Mystique described problems and inequality faced by women and their own struggle for equal rights National Organization for Women (NOW) – an organization that helped women find jobs and earn equal pay for their work Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) – in 1972, Congress suggested a law that would ensure women had equality in the workplace, but not enough states voted for it

8. Video Clips – Civil Rights Era Little Rock Nine– 9 African American students attend the first desegregated school Martin Luther King, Jr. “I Have a Dream Speech” - inspiring speech after March on Washington in 1963 Malcolm X Interview – TV interview Martin Luther King, Jr. “Last Speech” - last speech given, assassinated the next day Martin Luther King, Jr. Assassination- breaking news report Martin Luther King, Jr. Assassination– crimes of the century report